FDR’s New Deal

Public Works Administration (PWA) Created June 1933 Purposes:  To provide jobs  To stimulate demand for materials  To construct long-lasting large-scale projects of social & economic worth

Public Works Administration (PWA)  PWA granted 45% of labor/material costs; remainder paid by localities/states  PWA also granted $$ to other fed. gov’t agencies  Over $6 billion granted for 34,000 projects nationally  Over $100 million for 922 projects in Texas

Types of PWA Work Projects Buildings (gov’t admin., schools, hospitals, libraries, public housing, etc.) Infrastructure (roads, bridges, tunnels, ports/harbors) Water Reclamation (dams & hydro-electric plants) Naval Vessels (aircraft carriers, battleships, etc.) Municipal Sewers & water treatment plants

Golden Gate Bridge (S.F.)

Tacoma Narrows Bridge (Wash.)

Grand Coulee Dam (Wash.)

Hoover Dam (Ariz.-N.M.)

Lincoln Tunnel (N.Y.-N.J.)

Pennsylvania Turnpike

Chicago’s 1st Subway System

LSU Stadium & Orange Bowl

USS Yorktown

Port of Brownsville

Mansfield Dam (Lake Travis)

Slum Clearance/Public Housing (San Antonio)

Anson (Jones County) High School Auditorium

UT Main Building & Tower

Van Zandt County Courthouse (Canton)

John Peter Smith City-County Hospital (Ft. Worth)

Terminal & Hangar at Houston Municipal (Hobby) Airport

PWA Administrator Harold Ickes  Progressive Era reformer & veteran of Chicago politics  Obsessed with avoiding scandal  Meticulous oversight = slow, but steady progress (& criticism)

Works Progress Administration (WPA) Created May 1935 Primary Purpose: to provide jobs, jobs, jobs Employed 8 million in US; 600,000 Texans ¾ worked on construction projects (usually smaller scale than PWA) WPA paid about ¾ of costs

WPA Administrator Harry Hopkins NYC social worker Unlike Ickes, favored quick start to projects & rapid infusion of wages to workers

San Francisco Zoo

Topeka, Kansas High School

Timberline Lodge, Mt. Hood (Oregon)

Restored Dock Street Theater (Charleston, SC)

Nat’l Guard Armory in Tishomingo, Okla.

Coronado Heights (Central Kansas)

Fraser Field (Lynn, Mass.)

Astoria Pool, largest in NYC

Camp David, Maryland

Possum Kingdom Arch Bridge (Palo Pinto County)

Houston City Hall

Ft. Worth Botanic Gardens

Dallas & San Antonio Zoo improvement

Dealey Plaza in Dallas

San Antonio’s Riverwalk

Will Rogers Memorial Center (Ft. Worth)

Art Deco Buildings & Lagoon in Fair Park (Dallas)

San Jacinto Battlefield Monument

Corps of Cadets Dorms at Texas A&M

WPA Gym in Plano (now the Courtyard Theater)

Mt. Pleasant Country Club (Titus County)

Robertson Stadium (Univ. of Houston)

WPA: Non-construction work ¼ of WPA workers performed non-construction work  WPA arts projects  Other projects not as well known

WPA Theater Project

WPA Writers’ Project

WPA Music Project: Concerts

WPA Music Project: Music Classes

WPA Art Project: Exhibitions

WPA Art Project: Art Classes

Post Office Murals (not WPA)

WPA Archeology Project

WPA Archeology Processing Lab at UT

WPA Day Care Facilities

WPA Archive & Bookbinding Projects

WPA Library Project: Bookmobiles

WPA Library Project: Audio Books for the Blind

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Created in March 1933, strongly supported by FDR Purpose: to conserve the nation’s natural & human resources 2.5 million men ages (50,000 in TX), served in 3000 camps

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Multiple agencies involved:  Labor Dept. for recruitment  US Army to house & feed enrollees in work camps  Depts. of Interior & Agriculture to oversee work projects in parks & forests

Building an Ohio State Park road, 1936

Bridge at Coronado Nat’l Forest (Ariz.)

Dam in White River Nat’l Forest (Col.)

Campground in Tonto Nat’l Forest (Ariz.)

Campsite Gazebo at Whitman Nat’l Forest (Ore.)

Bathhouse in Teton Nat’l Forest (Wyo.)

Restroom Facility at Fishlake Nat’l Forest (Utah)

Campground Cabin at Willamette Nat’l Forest (Ore.)

Painted Desert Inn at Petrified Forest Nat’l Park (Ariz.)

Ranger Station at Yosemite (Calif.)

Red Rocks Amphitheater (outside Denver)

“Amphitheater” at Sabine Nat’l Forest

Pavilions at Angelina & Davy Crockett Nat’l Forests

Access Roads at Big Bend Nat’l Park

Cabins & Refectory at Garner State Park

Dam & Refectory at Huntsville State Park

Swimming Pool & Rec Hall at Abilene State Park

Structures & Swimming Pool at Bastrop State Park

Water Tower at Mother Neff State Park

White Rock Lake (Dallas)

Indian Lodge in Davis Mountains State Park

Longhorn Cavern State Park

Mission Excavation/Restoration: Goliad

Planting Millions of Trees & Fighting Forest Fires

National Youth Administration (NYA) Created May 1935 Open to male & female youth Purpose #1: To provide part-time jobs for 2 million high school & college students (175k in TX)

Texas NYA Administrator Lyndon Johnson

NYA Library Assistance

NYA Office Work at a High School

NYA Teacher Assistance

NYA Dance Class in San Marcos

NYA Athletic Instruction

National Youth Administration (NYA) Purpose #2: To aid 2.5 million out-of-school youth aided through various work programs (75k in TX) Aid = wages + skills training

La Villita (San Antonio)

Replica Log Cabin at the Witte Museum (San Antonio)

San Benito (Cameron County) Public Library

Little Chapel in the Woods at Texas Woman’s University

NYA Roadside Park in Newton County

Mixing Cement at an NYA Work Center

NYA Machine Shop Training

War Factory Training in Corpus Christi