The Digital Object Identifier: A Tool for E-Commerce and Rights Management doi> Glen Secor 26 Nov 01

Identifiers enable us to manage content Physical world: ISBN, ISSN, ISMN, SICI, etc good systems for publishers Digital world: ? URL? poor systems for publishers (e.g. E Books) how to use existing identifier systems? Make WWW transactions as invisible as telephone transactions –machine to machine, –not machine to people to machine Why a new identifier?

Digital world enables both use and protection Aim is to maximise value of information objects: - reduce copy infringement and - increase accessibility; - need to identify what it is you are managing Mass production  mass customisation - components must be clearly identifiable - and terms defined The intellectual property background

Establish a way of identifying content in the digital environment –actionable identifier Which can be the basis of rights management –extensible; can be developed further DOI: aim

Identification of content - intellectual property in any form - with precision & granularity Actionable identification - automation; “click to do something” - services Interoperability, extensibility Open standard DOI requirements

Pieces of "rights metadata" used in each semantic structure Describing rights using data Primary rights events (claims, deals) are described using pieces of data: Rights Statement (“claim”) [party] owns [right] in [creation] in [time] and [place] Rights Agreement (“deal”) [party] agreed with [party] in [time] and [place] that [event]

Permission [party] can [verb] [amount] to [creation] at [time] in [place]. Prohibition [party] can’t [verb] to [creation] at [time] in [place]. Requirement [party] must [verb] [amount] to [creation/party] at [time] in [place]. Rights Transfer [party] can [grant right] to [party] in [creation] at [time] in [place]. Secondary rights events (licences) are also described using pieces of data: Describing rights using data

This mix of data from many sources is used in many different places by different people in chains of rights events: Distributed rights management agreement transfer statement agreement permission prohibition permission assertion agreement requirement etc [party] can [verb] [amount] to [creation] at [time] in [place]. Each entity can be expanded to reveal more data

Enter the Digital Object Identifier The Digital Object Identifier is a system for: –Identifying and exchanging intellectual property; –Managing intellectual content in any form at any level of granularity; –Linking customers with content suppliers; and –Enabling automated copyright management for all types of media. doi>

For the purpose of the DOI system, the DOI is a unique “dumb number” assigned to an entity - only when accompanied by metadata, can any information be determined from the enumeration. The metadata may change (i.e. when ownership of the entity changes), but the identifier remains persistent for the life of the digital object. The DOI Components – Enumeration The DOI is comprised of a prefix and a suffix separated by a forward slash: > Content producers may choose to have a single prefix for all their products, or a prefix for each imprint, label, product line, or whatever level makes sense for their purposes. > The suffix can be identifiers or product numbers employed within a particular industry or private proprietary codes used within a content producer's organization. The suffix can be assigned to entities of any size or granularity or any file type.

The DOI brings together two major fundamentals which ensure long term extensibility and interoperability of various types of intellectual property within various systems, wireless applications, broadcasting and Internet applications: The DOI System – Open Standards The Handle System - a distributed, scalable system based on open protocols, which manages digital intellectual property as first class entities.Both the Handle System resolution and the DOI metadata components are structured, consistent, and manageable so it is possible to apply DOIs to any content and to develop further tools for content management. The Framework - a broad multi-industry effort which defined principles for metadata and how existing metadata systems can be mapped into a standard interoperable form. On an open standards basis, this framework is currently being expanded to create, a Rights Data Dictionary for multimedia rights management, because unlike kernel metadata, rights data is transient and dynamic.

DOI Administration - Creation Administrator (publisher.com) Identifier: DOI: 10.XXXX/1234 URL: Title: New Horizona - Latin Jazz Agent = Author: John Jakob-Jemènez Type: digital file Mode: Text: 250 pages Images: 20 Moving Images: 2 Audio: 20 Release Date: January 1, 2001 Rights Profile: Translation Paperback Electronic Contact: Other Titles by Author: Title 2; Title 3 Retailers: amazon; bol; DOI data and metadata (XMLbatch) DOI data and metadata Registration Agency Metadata Collection metadata DOI System DOI data

Multiple Resolution Syndicator - Retailer Distributor - Rights Person Trade Association Multimedia Publisher Data Aggragator - Consumer Resolution Request DOI System Metadata Collection DOI 10.XXXX/123 Type Data Index

The DOI System – Standards Tracking The DOI is one component of a fast developing technological infrastructure for the management of intellectual property in the network environment. There are many different players involved in the development of that infrastructure, ranging from technical organizations to the "content industries" themselves. WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) ISO (International Standards Organization) NISO (National Information Standards Organization) IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) OEBF (Open eBook Forum) MPEG 21 (Moving Picture Experts Group) A significant element of the work of the IDF lies in tracking standards developments in related areas, understanding their significance to the context within which the DOI will operate, and establishing working relationships with organizations and projects to ensure that appropriate co-operation is fostered to mutual benefit (and that parallel developments do not remain in ignorance of one another).

Acknowledgments This presentation was cobbled together using slides from presentations made in recent months by: –Norman Paskin, Executive Director, IDF (various presentations) (see –The “Overview of the DOI” presentation found on the IDF website (see –A presentation made by Robert Bolick of McGraw-Hill at the ALAI Conference, June 2001 (see