1. 1 MPEG-21 : Goals and Achievements Ian Burnett, Rik Van de Walle, Keith Hill, Jan Bormans and Fernando Pereira IEEE Multimedia, October-November 2003

2. 2 Outline Introduction Digital Item (DI) MPEG-21 Spec. Digital Item Declaration (DID) Digital Item Identification (DII) REL and RDD Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) Conclusion

3. 3 MPEG-21 Introduction Goal: ”multimedia framework” to enable transparent and augmented use of multimedia resources across various networks and devices Technologies: To create, manage, transport, distribute, and consume Digital Items (DI) Concepts: fundamental unit of distribution and transaction, DI, and Users interaction with DI.(MPEG-21 Overview, MPEG doc. N5231)

4. 4 Digital Item A structured digital object with a standard representation, identification and description (metadata) Fundamental unit of distribution and transaction in MPEG-21 multimedia framework DI = (resource + metadata + structure) Resource – individual asset or distributed content Metadata – data description Structure – relationship among parts of digital item, both resource and metadata

5. 5 Figure 1 : Example Digital Item

6. 6 MPEG-21 ”7 Elements”(1) Digital Item Declaration A uniform and flexible abstraction and interoperable schema for declaring Digital Items Digital Item Identification and Description A framework for identification and description of any entity regardless of its nature, type or granularity Content Handling and Usage Provide interfaces and protocols that enable creation, manipulation, search, access, storage, delivery, and re(use) of content across the content distribution and consumption value chain

7. 7 MPEG-21 ”7 Elements”(2) Intellectual Property Management and Protection The means to enable content to be persistently and reliably managed and protected across a wide range of networks and devices Terminals and Networks The ability to provide interoperable and transparent access to content across network and terminal Content Representation How the media resources are represented Event Reporting The metrics and interfaces that enable Users to understand precisely the performance of all reportable events within the framework

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9. 9 MPGE-21 Spec. Part 1 – Vision, Technologies and Strategy Part 2 – Digital Item Declaration (DID) Part 3 – Digital Item Identification (DII) Part 4 – Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) Part 5 – Rights Expression Language (REL) Part 6 – Rights Data Dictionary (RDD) Part 7 – Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) Part 8 – Reference Software Part 9 – File Format Part10 – Digital Item Processing (DIP) Part 11 Evaluation Tools for Persistent Association Part 12 Test Bed for MPEG-21 Resource Delivery Part 13 Scalable video coding Part 14 Conformance

10. 10 MPGE-21 Spec.(Cont1.) Vision, technologies, and strategy describes the multimedia framework and its architectural elements Digital Item Declaration (DID) provides a uniform and flexible abstraction and interoperable schema for declaring Digital Items Digital Item Identification (DII) defines the framework for identifying any entity regardless of its nature, type, or granularity

11. 11 MPGE-21 Spec.(Cont2.) Intellectual property management and protection (IPMP) provides the means to reliably manage and protect content across networks and devices Rights Expression Language (REL) specifies a machine-readable language that can declare rights and permissions using the terms as defined in the Rights Data Dictionary Rights Data Dictionary (RDD) specifies a dictionary of key terms required to describe users ’ rights

12. 12 MPGE-21 Spec.(Cont3.) Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) defines description tools for usage environment and content format features that might influence the transparent access to the multimedia content Reference software includes software that implements the tools specified in the MPEG-21 Spec. File format defines a file format for storing and distributing Digital Items.

13. 13 MPGE-21 Spec.(Cont4.) Digital Item Processing (DIP) defines mechanisms for standardized and interoperable processing of the information in Digital Item. Test bed for MPEG-21 resource delivery provides a software-based test bed for delivering scalable media and testing/evaluating this scalable media delivery in streaming environments

14. 14 Digital Item Declaration DID model : (XML-based) Container – logical package Item – grouping sub-items and/or components bounded to relevant descriptions Component – binding of a resource to descriptors Examples: CD package with music + video + graphics

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16. 16 Figure 3. Example Digital Item Declaration

17. 17 Digital Item Identification (DII) Uniquely identify Digital Items Identification : a tag (number, …), e.g.,ISBN Syntax: Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) urn : mpeg:mpeg21:diid:sss:nnn sss = name of the identification system nnn = unique identifier within that identification system Ex: ISAN:3943…=Int’s Standard Audiovisual Number:3934…

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19. 19 REL and RDD Rights Expression Language (REL) A machine-readable language that can declare rights and permissions using the terms as defined in the Rights Data Dictionary Rights Data Dictionary (RDD) A set of clear, consistent, structured, integrated and uniquely identified Terms to support the MPEG-21 Rights Expression Language

20. 20 The REL Data Model

21. 21 REL Data Model 4 key components Principal (user, compliance devices) Rights (copy, play, download, view, print, … ) Resource (the digital content) Condition (when, how, how much times, … ) Example Registered user 8043 can have 10 downloads from compliant device 132 starting from time xxx to time yyy

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23. 23 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) Goal : achieve interoperable transparent access to (distributed) advanced multimedia content by shielding Users from network and terminal installation, management and implementation issues Usage Environment Description Tools User characteristics, Terminal characteristics, etc. Resource Adaptability Tools Binary Media Resource Adaptability, etc. System-Related Tools Session Mobility, etc.

24. 24 Digital Item Adaptation architecture

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26. 26 Delivery in Heterogeneous Environments

27. 27 Conclusion MPEG-21 is an open standard-based multimedia framework for multimedia delivery and consumption. MPEG-21 aims to enable the use of multimedia resources across a wide range of networks and devices.