Work backwards: where would you like to be in two years? Motivations: Preservation Distribution and Access  Students  Researchers  Community Identify who has stake in this project and the return they expect to see on their investment. The Project

What do you prioritize? What file format will you migrate towards? What quality will you aim for? Will you distribute on or off-line? What quality control procedure does each format require? Each of these decisions has an associated cost Policy Decisions Equipment cost Staff / training Processing time Disc space “Intimidation” factor

Collection Spoken word Reel (mostly mono, 1/2 track) Priority Speed (immediate migration from tape) Cost efficiency Distribution to Haverford

Is tough… Consider 3 main factors: Labor Storage Costs Equipment Hidden cost: preservation & quality control Cost Estimation

Calculate a “labor multiplier” Factors: “Load time” to recorder / editor (often real-time) Special care Editing Burn to CD-R and upload to a server Labor Example: 1 HR Reel 5 MIN 1 HR 20 MIN ½ HR } ~ 2 HRS

CD-R 700 MB Mitsui Gold is the standard Include a rough cost for space in the vault Patron copies? Consider QC and migration costs Storage Costs

Hard Disc Generally a per-gigabyte fee charged by IT department Estimate the total space needed (5Mb / monaural minute) Think about the collection's rate of growth Ensure reasonable backup policies are in place How will access to data be provided? Storage Costs Off-site Vendor arrangements Include safety & growth considerations above

Computer 3.4 MHz Pentium 4 40 gigabyte HD; 44.1kHz sampling and 16-bit is a lot of data! Noise reduction is especially processor-intensive CD-burner Equipment Sound Card Quality does matter EchoMia

Software Sound Forge Multitrack capability is not important......batch processing is. Wide file format compatability Available noise reduction and equalization algorithms Equipment Monitors Headphones are excellent Normal computer speakers will not cut it Consider Fostex PM-1 monitors Sennheiser HD25 Headphones Total: [ $2,500 ]

Playback Devices Your needs will vary Speak with your audio-visual staff!... and your music faculty Almost all of these devices have tuning needs Can you trade calibration for use? Equipment Hippocratic Oath Applies: Whatever your preservation strategy: first, do no harm!

Descriptive Resource discovery (e.g., MARC, Dublin Core, RLG Reach) Administrative Date of creation Unique/persistent identifiers Custody history Rights information Metadata

Structural Internal organization of the digital object Technical Original audio file vs. its digital representation / reproduction Preservation for long term maintenance: Format, structure and use of digital content History of all actions performed on the resource Metadata

Climate issues: Preservation

Media should be refreshed (replicated) on a regular cycle Preservation is not a guarantee of immutability Migration or emulation leads to another round of maintenance of bit stream integrity Preservation

What is a “Trusted Repository?” LOCKSS Regular quality control Tracking & securing copyright Open source formats Data security... these considerations are adding up! All Together...

The Open Archives Information System An administrative, more than a technical solution Does not have to be a software solution but software can certainly help. D-Space Standardized procedures for: Submission and ingest of data Rights management Data management and emergency recovery Quality control OAIS

Completeness Fidelity and faithfulness to original; noise reduction not on original All files open and play Quality Control

On the Haverford SCAP Project: Checked physical condition of each CD (no scratches) Checked number of tracks, ensured it matched what was listed in the database Checked beginning & end of each track to be sure entire program is present Checked that end of one track flowed smoothly into the next track Picked random spot on any track, listened continuously for 3 minutes Made sure you could hear all voices listed to be on a CD Checked that CD & jewel case properly labeled Checked that CD was finalized (play factor) Recorded any factors outside these parameters Quality Control

Checksums: Record a file’s digital “signature” for later comparison against: Corruption Modification Overwrites D-Space generates checksums automatically Cannot be saved for audio CD-Rs Quality Control

Fair Use Purpose and character of use (commercial or educational) Amount and substantiality of portion Effect on potential use Nature of work Copyright

Copyright Law for Sound Recordings Recordings before Feb. 15, 1972 protected by state laws, which vary, but all end no later than 2067 Recordings after Feb. 15, 1972 protected by federal copyright statute Published recordings made between Feb. 15, 1972 and 1978: protected 95 years; unpublished: covered by state law Recordings made between 1978 – present for published & unpublished: life + 70 years or 95 years from publication In public domain: works published between Jan. 1, 1978 – Mar. 1, 1989 without copyright notice; & works made by US government Possible owner of copyright: interviewee, composer, performer Copyright

Where do we go from here? What can we save? Consider… Patron demand Preservation needs Funding Staff ability Equipment ability Reformatting one demand Collection development: Expanding the scope of the project Future Work

Funding There is much to be done Personnel and open source The goal: more open access to living history Future Work SCAP50 : Dean Lockwood [ streaming | download ]