Planning healthy settlements in the 21 st century Prof Hugh Barton Director of the WHO Collaborating Centre for healthy urban environments University of the West of England

Climate change, inequity, obesity, loss of childhood – all symptoms of a common malaise…

Freiburg: Vauban

Planning of streetcar lines ► Example: “Rieselfeld” New residential area (75 hectare) built under strict social and ecological points of view. The track of the streetcar is the central axis of mobility. The new line was opened in 1997 when only 1000 inhabitants lived there

New suburban trains Connecting city of Freiburg and the counties Frequency: 30 minutes New organized bus lines

How does Britain compare?

WalkCyclep.t.car Bristol Bradley Stoke Freiburg in context: modal split in selected places – in %

WalkCyclep.t.car Bristol Bradley Stoke London Modal split in selected places – in %

WalkCyclep.t.car Bristol Bradley Stoke London Groningen Freiburg Modal split in selected places – in %

WalkCyclep.t.car Bristol Bradley Stoke London Groningen Freiburg Vauban Modal split in selected places – in %

SOLUTIONS: sustainability of land use and transport in outer city neighbourhoods How do people use neighbourhoods? How much active travel? 12 neighbourhoods in four city regions: Bristol:Bradley Stoke, Filton Avenue, Thornbury Cambridge:Bar Hill, Cherry Hinton, Trumpington London:Barking, Broxbourne, Harrow Newcastle Backworth & Shiremoor, Cramlington, Newcastle Great Park Conducted in each neighbourhood: Survey of residents –1600 questionnaires returned –30% response rate Focus group Mapping (GIS) analysis

Distance travelled to superstores, and travel mode Bristol neighbourhoods

Tyne & Wear Context 3 Study Areas So, does design make a difference?

Tyne & Wear Constraints 1.Valued built heritage – conservation areas and listed buildings 2.Valued landscape features – woodland, green space, rivers and wetland 3.Biodiversity – recognised wildlife sites 4.Flood risk – Identified area of flooding Great Park

Great Park Evaluation 2021 TrendLinearCells Criteria 1 Population Assumption: 2.3 Persons per dwelling in 2007 (2.1ppd in 2021) Criteria 2 Access to local schools Percentage of the population with access Primary Schools 600m 20%74%67% Secondary Schools 1500m 0%84%96% Criteria 3 Access to local centres / shops 800 m Percentage of the population with access 17%99% 87% Criteria 4 Access to local public transport - BUS Percentage of the population with access within 400m PT Stops Excellent 0% PT Stops Good 0%83%65% PT Stops Mediocre 63%0% Criteria 5 Access to local public transport – TRAIN 800M, TRAM 600m 0% Criteria 6 Vitality of retail services, as population within defined catchment

Conclusions: the conditions for success in healthy urban planning Tremendous leadership from the mayor and chief planner Integrated vision, analysis and delivery Co-operation between planning, transport, housing and commercial interests Substantial local autonomy Municipal purchase of development land Releasing and channelling community energy Nous

What is the secret of Freiburg? “We have remade the world as we would like it!” (translation of the Vauban motto )