Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Intended for entry level anatomy students

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Intended to be viewed as full-screen…. select full-screen, and use “Page Down” to scroll through individual “flashcards” ! Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Note: Learn origins and insertions of each muscle well. This is why the bony landmarks are so important. Do not memorize the function of muscles ! Muscles contract only linearly. Thus, to know the origin and insertion of a muscle is to know the function.

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Note: Every muscle has a multitude of actions. Listed are the primary actions of each muscle !

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Presented in Three Parts: I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen II – Muscles of the upper extremity III – Muscles of the lower extremity

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Each card is a set of three: The first asks to identify the muscle. The next provides the clues. The third gives the name of the muscle.

1. Identify this muscle and its action !

Orbicularis Oculi 1. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: margin of the orbit Insertion: eyelid & skin of face Action: closes eye, blink Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)‏

2. Identify this muscle and its action !

Orbicularis oris 2. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Maxilla and mandible Insertion: Fibers of the lips Action: Compresses lips Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)‏

3. Identify this muscle and its action !

3. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Zygomatic bone Insertion: mandible Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaws, chewing (“mastication”)‏ Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)‏

Masseter 3. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Zygomatic bone Insertion: mandible Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaws, chewing (“mastication”)‏ Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)‏

4. Identify this muscle and its action !

4. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: manubrium and clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone Action: Flexes head at neck (both right and left muscles working together), or bends neck toward shoulder and turns face away (one-side only)‏ Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)‏

Sternocleidomastoid 4. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: manubrium and clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone Action: Flexes head at neck (both right and left muscles working together), or bends neck toward shoulder and turns face away (one-side only)‏ Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)‏

5. Identify this muscle and its action !

5. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Inferior clavicle and fascia of chest Insertion: Inferior surface of mandible Action: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and tenses skin of the neck by drawing it superiorly Innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)‏

Platysma 5. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Inferior clavicle and fascia of chest Insertion: Inferior surface of mandible Action: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and tenses skin of the neck by drawing it superiorly Innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)‏

6. Identify this muscle and its action !

6. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Inferior border of rib Insertion: Superior border of inferior rib Action: Elevates ribs Innervation: Intercostal nerves

External Intercostals 6. Identify this muscle and its action ! External Intercostals Origin: Inferior border of rib Insertion: Superior border of inferior rib Action: Elevates ribs Innervation: Intercostal nerves Hint: External intercostals run in the same direction as your fingers when you put your hands in your pockets

7. Identify this muscle and its action !

7. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Superior border of inferior rib Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib Action: Depresses ribs Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Internal Intercostals 7. Identify this muscle and its action ! Internal Intercostals Origin: Superior border of inferior rib Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib Action: Depresses ribs Innervation: Intercostal nerves Hint: Internal intercostals run in the direction that your fingers run when you place your hands on your heart (i.e. deep and perpendicular to external intercostal muscles)‏

8. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: originates on the inferior border of the rib cage Insertion: inserts on the central tendon. Action: Flattens when it contracts to increase area of thorax and inflate lungs. Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

Respiratory Diaphragm 8. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: originates on the inferior border of the rib cage Insertion: inserts on the central tendon. Action: Flattens when it contracts to increase area of thorax and inflate lungs. Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5) Respiratory Diaphragm

9. Identify this muscle and its action !

9. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: External, inferior borders of ribs Insertion: linea alba and iliac crest Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen Innervation: Intercostal nerves Note that the muscle fibers run in the direction that your fingers run when you put your hands in your pockets.

External Oblique Abdominus 9. Identify this muscle and its action ! External Oblique Abdominus Origin: External, inferior borders of ribs Insertion: linea alba and iliac crest Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen Innervation: Intercostal nerves Note that the muscle fibers run in the direction that your fingers run when you put your hands in your pockets.

10. Identify this muscle and its action !

10. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Pubis Insertion: costal cartilages and xiphoid process Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Rectus abdominus 10. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Pubis Insertion: costal cartilages and xiphoid process Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Presented in Three Parts: I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen II – Muscles of the upper extremity III – Muscles of the lower extremity

11. Identify this muscle and its action !

11. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Clavicle and scapula Action: elevation of scapulae Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)‏

Trapezius 11. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Clavicle and scapula Action: elevation of scapulae Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)‏

12. Identify this muscle and its action !

12. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: vertebral spinous processes, iliac crest, and ribs Insertion: Intertubercular groove and lesser tubercle (humerus (common insertion with teres major muscle). Action: Adduction of arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerves (C6-C8)‏

Latissimus dorsi 12. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: vertebral spinous processes, iliac crest, and ribs Insertion: Intertubercular groove and lesser tubercle of humerus (common insertion with teres major muscle). Action: Adduction of arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerves (C6-C8)‏

13. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view I

13. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view I Origin: Subscapular fossa Insertion: Lesser tubercle (humerus)‏ Action: Medial rotation of shoulder Innervation: spinal nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus

Subscapularis (1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)‏ 13. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view I Subscapularis (1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)‏ Origin: Subscapular fossa Insertion: Lesser tubercle (humerus)‏ Action: Medial rotation of arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus

14. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view posterior view

14. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view posterior view Origin: Supraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle Action: abduct arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus

Supraspinatus (1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)‏ 14. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view posterior view Supraspinatus (1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)‏ Origin: Supraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)‏ Action: abduct arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus

15. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view posterior view

15. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view posterior view Origin: Infraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)‏ Action: Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus

Infraspinatus (1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)‏ 15. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view posterior view Infraspinatus (1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)‏ Origin: Infraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)‏ Action: Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus

16. Identify this muscle and its action ! posterior view

16. Identify this muscle and its action ! posterior view Origin: lateral border of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)‏ Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder Innervation: Axillary nerve

Teres Minor (1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)‏ 16. Identify this muscle and its action ! posterior view Teres Minor (1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)‏ Origin: lateral border of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)‏ Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder Innervation: Axillary nerve

17. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view posterior view

17. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view posterior view Origin: clavicle and scapula Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (humerus)‏ Action: ab-duct arm at shoulder (similar to supraspinatus)‏ Innervation: Axillary nerve

Deltoid 17. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view posterior view Deltoid Origin: clavicle and scapula Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (humerus)‏ Action: ab-duct arm at shoulder (similar to supraspinatus)‏ Innervation: Axillary nerve

18. Identify this muscle and its action !

18. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: clavicle, costal cartilage, and sternum Insertion: Greater tubercle Action: flex arm at shoulder Innervation: Pectoral nerves (spinal nerves from brachial plexus)‏

Pectoralis major 18. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: clavicle, costal cartilage, and sternum Insertion: Greater tubercle Action: flex arm at shoulder Innervation: Pectoral nerves (spinal nerves from brachial plexus)‏

19. Identify this muscle and its action !

19. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula) Short Head: Coracoid process (scapula)‏ Insertion: Radial tuberosity Action: flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm/ hand at elbow (a two-joint muscle)‏ Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Biceps brachii 19. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula) Short Head: Coracoid process (scapula)‏ Insertion: Radial tuberosity Action: flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm/ hand at elbow (a two-joint muscle)‏ Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

20. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view Posterior view

Anterior view Posterior view 20. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin of Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)‏ Medial Head: Posterior, lateral humerus Lateral Head: Posterior, medial humerus Insertion: Olecranon (ulna)‏ Action: Extend forearm at elbow Innervation: Radial nerve

Triceps brachii Anterior view Posterior view 20. Identify this muscle and its action ! Triceps brachii Origin of Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)‏ Medial Head: Posterior, lateral humerus Lateral Head: Posterior, medial humerus Insertion: Olecranon (ulna)‏ Action: Extend forearm at elbow Innervation: Radial nerve

21. Identify this muscle and its action !

21. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal Action: Extend and adduct hand at the wrist Innervation: Posterior Interosseus Nerve, a branch of the Radial Nerve

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris 21. Identify this muscle and its action ! Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal Action: Extend and adduct hand at the wrist Innervation: Posterior Interosseus Nerve, a branch of the Radial Nerve

22. Identify this muscle and its action !

22. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals Action: Flex and abduct hand at the wrist Innervation: Median Nerve

Flexor Carpi Radialis 22. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals Action: Flex and abduct hand at the wrist Innervation: Median Nerve

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Presented in Three Parts: I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen II – Muscles of the upper extremity III – Muscles of the lower extremity

23. Identify this muscle and its action ! Posterior view

23. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: iliac crest, sacrum Insertion: iliotibial tract, linea aspera Action: extension of thigh at hip and lateral rotation of thigh Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve Posterior view

23. Identify this muscle and its action ! Gluteus Maximus Posterior view Origin: iliac crest, sacrum Insertion: iliotibial tract, linea aspera Action: extension of thigh at hip and lateral rotation of thigh Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

24. Identify this muscle and its action !

24. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: iliac crest Insertion: Greater trochanter Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

24. Identify this muscle and its action ! Gluteus Medius Origin: iliac crest Insertion: Greater trochanter Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

25. Identify this muscle and its action !

25. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Lateral surface of ilium Insertion: Greater trochanter Action: Abduction, medial rotation at hip Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

25. Identify this muscle and its action ! Gluteus Minimus Origin: Lateral surface of ilium Insertion: Greater trochanter Action: Abduction, medial rotation at hip Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

26. Identify this muscle and its action ! Posterior view

26. Identify this muscle and its action ! Posterior view Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: Tibial nerve

Semimembranosus 26. Identify this muscle and its action ! Posterior view Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: Tibial nerve

27. Identify this muscle and its action !

27. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial surface of superior tibia, via pes anserinus Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: Tibial nerve

Semitendinosus 27. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial surface of superior tibia, via pes anserinus Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: Tibial nerve

28. Identify this muscle and its action !

28. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: Tibial nerve

Biceps Femoris, Long-Head 28. Identify this muscle and its action ! Biceps Femoris, Long-Head Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: Tibial nerve

29. Identify this muscle and its action !

29. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: linea aspera Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: common fibular nerve

Biceps Femoris, Short-Head 29. Identify this muscle and its action ! Biceps Femoris, Short-Head Origin: linea aspera Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: common fibular nerve

30. Identify this muscle and its action !

30. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Medial side of superior tibia, via pes anserinus Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

Sartorius 30. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Medial side of superior tibia, via pes anserinus Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

31. Identify this muscle and its action !

31. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

Rectus Femoris 31. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

32. Identify this muscle and its action !

32. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Intertrochanteric line Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

Vastus Medialis 32. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Intertrochanteric line Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

33. Identify this muscle and its action !

33. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Greater trochanter Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

Vastus Lateralis 33. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Greater trochanter Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

34. Identify this muscle and its action !

34. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

Vastus Intermedius 34. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

35. Identify this muscle and its action !

35. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Femoral condyles Insertion: Calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle Innervation: Tibial nerve

Gastrocnemius 35. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: Femoral condyles Insertion: Calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle Innervation: Tibial nerve

36. Identify this muscle and its action !

36. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: tibia Insertion: 1st metatarsal Action: Extension (dorsiflexion) of foot at ankle, inversion of foot Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Tibialis Anterior 36. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: tibia Insertion: 1st metatarsal Action: Extension (dorsiflexion) of foot at ankle, inversion of foot Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Structures that you should study! Flexor and extensor retinacula (of wrist and ankle)‏ Without these, muscle tendons would “bow-string” and make it very difficult to perform their function.

This project was made possible by: Rachel Uppgaard (Human Anatomy TA, 2007- present) and artwork by Jimmy Chue-mai Yang (TA, 2005-2006)‏