1 Strictly Confidential NMW KTI Review Meeting: KTI Review Meeting, December 16, 2005 Anja Bieberle-Hütter, NMW One-BAT – Battery Replacement Using Miniaturized Solid Oxide Fuel Cell NTB INTERSTAATLICHE HOCHSCHULE FÜR TECHNIK BUCHS

2 Strictly Confidential Agenda 9.30 – 9.45 am Welcome and General Introduction 9.45 – am Summary of Project Manager – am WP 1: Fuel Cell Development – pm WP 2: Gas Processing Unit Development – pm WP 3: Thermal System Management – pm WP 5: Project Management, Battery Expert and Industrial Partners – pm Final Discussion – 1.15 pm Lunch General Introduction

3 Strictly Confidential Motivation for the Project stationary application mobile application Scientific interests: miniaturization and MEMS processing of SOFC materials and its periphery fundamental aspects of nanocrystalline thin films investigation of electrode kinetics, reforming and combustion processes Sulzer Hexis, CH, 2000 micro-SOFC Technical interests: miniaturization of SOFC systems alternative to and improvement of state- of-the-art batteries: very high energy density immediate charging long battery life-time geographical independence General Introduction

4 Strictly Confidential Emergence of Micro-Fuel Cells (Source: Manhattan Scientifics & L. Livermore National Laboratories) General Introduction predicted performance state-of-the-art products

5 Strictly Confidential Goal of the “One-Bat” Project Development of miniaturized SOFC hybrid power source for small electronic equipment Evaluation of micro-fabrication techniques for SOFC materials System operation directly on liquid gas (e.g. butane) Integration of significant achievements in fuel cell integration, gas processing, and heat management at the micro-system scale Are micro-SOFCs feasible ? How could a micro-SOFC look like? General Introduction

6 Strictly Confidential Single System Design Heat Losses Electric Power Exhaust Gas Fuel Cell Fuel Reformer Air Heat Exchanger Post- Combustor Ambient Conditions ~550 °C Hot Module Fuel e.g. butane Average power1.1 W (peak power 5 W) Overall volume30 cm 3 Vol. energy density950 Wh/l Lifetime (speak time) 1000 h Specific Power350 mW/cm 2 Electrical efficiency30% Produced heat (peak)2.60 Wth Fuel energy density11 kWh/kg Peak gas flow0.29 g/h Air to Fuel ratio 3 λ General Introduction

7 Strictly Confidential Structure of the Project Project Management Thermal System Fuel Cell Gas Processing Product Development Workpackage 1 Workpackage 2 Workpackage 3 Workpackage 4 Workpackage 5 Summary of Project Manager not part of 1 year project

8 Strictly Confidential NMW Project Management Thermal System Fuel Cell Gas Processing Co-Workers Prof. L.J. Gauckler Prof. P. Muralt Prof. H.-U.Schwarzenbach Prof. D. Poulikakos NTB INTERSTAATLICHE HOCHSCHULE FÜR TECHNIK BUCHS Dr. A. Bernard Dr. H.-W. Praas TeECon Technology Engineering Consulting Summary of Project Manager Dr. A. Bieberle-Hütter CERION, NMW

9 Strictly Confidential Battery Expert on-boat –past: business manager Varta, Duracell, Mitsubishi Chemicals, CTO of Ionity –independent consultant and technology advisor on some areas of energy storage –representing among others the HPL High Power Lithium, Lausanne (cathode and anode materials for high performance batteries), other companies in the field of Li-ion batteries TeECon Technology Engineering Consulting Dr. Hans-Walter Praas

10 Strictly Confidential Project Management Thermal System Fuel Cell Gas Processing Year 1 Milestones performance 200 mW/cm 550°C external electrical connections butane conversion rate > 90% post-combustor with gas oxidation > 98% battery expert industrial partner Summary of Project Manager thermal insulation concept with T inside 550°C, T outside 50°C, <10 cm 3 structures for validation critical points thermal system demonstrator with simulated 2 W heat source

11 Strictly Confidential Main Achievements after 6 Months Summary of Project Manager Project Management Thermal System Fuel Cell Gas Processing first cell with 12 mW/cm 2 Thermal insulation concept: 600˚C with 2 W. It could work! High butane reforming performance at 600˚C. We can do it! Butane conversion: Experiments at LTNT year 1 TeECon Technology Engineering Consulting

12 Strictly Confidential Publications M.J. Stutz, D. Poulikakos, „Effects of microreactor wall heat conduction on the reforming process of methane“, Chem. Eng. Sc. 60 (2005) A. Bieberle-Hütter, D. Beckel, U.P. Mücke, J.L.M. Rupp, A. Infortuna, L.J. Gauckler, „Micro-Solid Oxide Fuel Cells as Battery Replacement”, mstnews, August 2005 (2005) D. Beckel, A. Dubach, A. R. Studart and L. J. Gauckler, „Spray Pyrolysis of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ Thin Film Cathodes“, submitted to J. Electroceramics (2005). J.L.M. Rupp, A. Infortuna and L. Gauckler, „Self-limited Grain Growth of Nanocrystalline Ceria Ceramics” submitted to Acta Materialia (2005). J.L.M. Rupp and L. Gauckler, „Microstructures and Electrical Conductivity of Nanocrystalline Ceria based Thin Films”, sumitted to Solid State Ionics (2005). 5 Papers (2 published, 3 submitted): 4 Patents: L.J. Gauckler, D. Beckel, U.P. Mücke, P. Müller, J.L.M. Rupp, “Verbundelement”, application October 19, 2005 (01682/05) L.J. Gauckler, D. Beckel, U.P. Mücke, P. Müller, J.L.M. Rupp, “Dünnfilm und damit hergestelltes Verbundelement”, application October 19, 2005 (01682/05) D. Beckel, L.J. Gauckler, “Poröser keramischer Dünnfilm" application November 21, 2005 (01851/05) P. Muralt, S. Rey-Mermet, J.Baborwoski, “Metallic supporting Grid for Thin Film Electrolyte Membrane in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells”, application November 2005

13 Strictly Confidential General Issues 3 Meetings: –kick-off meeting (April 14, 2005) –first project meeting (August 11, 2005) –second project meeting (November 17, 2005) 1 Report: –first controlling report (August 31, 2005) web page: password: ktionebathttp:// –meeting information: agenda, minutes, presentations –reports –papers –list of co-workers,.... Summary of Project Manager

14 Strictly Confidential Agenda 9.30 – 9.45 am Welcome and General Introduction 9.45 – am Summary of Project Manager – am WP 1: Fuel Cell Development – pm WP 2: Gas Processing Unit Development – pm WP 3: Thermal System Management – pm WP 5: Project Management, Battery Expert and Industrial Partners – pm Final Discussion – pm Lunch

15 Strictly Confidential Agenda 9.30 – 9.45 am Welcome and General Introduction 9.45 – am Summary of Project Manager – am WP 1: Fuel Cell Development – pm WP 2: Gas Processing Unit Development – pm WP 3: Thermal System Management – pm WP 5: Project Management, Battery Expert and Industrial Partners – pm Final Discussion – pm Lunch

16 Strictly Confidential Agenda 9.30 – 9.45 am Welcome and General Introduction 9.45 – am Summary of Project Manager – am WP 1: Fuel Cell Development – pm WP 2: Gas Processing Unit Development – pm WP 3: Thermal System Management – pm WP 5: Project Management, Battery Expert and Industrial Partners – pm Final Discussion – pm Lunch

17 Strictly Confidential Agenda 9.30 – 9.45 am Welcome and General Introduction 9.45 – am Summary of Project Manager – am WP 1: Fuel Cell Development – pm WP 2: Gas Processing Unit Development – pm WP 3: Thermal System Management – pm WP 5: Project Management, Battery Expert and Industrial Partners – pm Final Discussion – pm Lunch

18 Strictly Confidential Agenda 9.30 – 9.45 am Welcome and General Introduction 9.45 – am Summary of Project Manager – am WP 1: Fuel Cell Development – pm WP 2: Gas Processing Unit Development – pm WP 3: Thermal System Management – pm WP 5: Project Management, Battery Expert and Industrial Partners – pm Final Discussion – pm Lunch

19 Strictly Confidential TeECon Technology Engineering Consulting first cell with 12 mW/cm 2 High butane reforming performance at 600˚C. We can do it! Butane conversion: Experiments at LTNT year 1 Strictly Confidential Thermal insulation concept: 600˚C with 2 W. It could work! NMW NTB INTERSTAATLICHE HOCHSCHULE FÜR TECHNIK BUCHS