1 Information Literacy Legal Issues & Technology

2 Agenda Semester Calendar/Assignments Tech Talk Assignment Posted Presentation Assignment Posted Legal Issues: Copyright & Fair Use Information Literacy Standards APA/Citation/References APA Cheat Sheet Sources Article Analysis Electronic article access

3 “Borrowing” Is it ok to borrow images & information from the Internet? Does it need a © ? Who owns the content found on the Internet?

4 Legal Issues Copyright  The right to copy a particular “published” work for a set period of time  After 1977 life of author + 70yrs  Before 1977 = 95 yrs  Anonymous yrs  “Published” = unrestricted availability to public  After 1989 no © needed  Registering copyright facilitates legal actions (Stanford University Libraries, 2004)

5 Legal Issues Copyright  Protects “creative” works  Must be in fixed tangible medium  Must be original  Does not protect ideas or facts (Stanford University Libraries, 2004)

6 Legal Issues Fair Use  Copying copyrighted items for limited or transformative use without permission Commentary & criticism (student/teacher use included here) Parody Transforms from original into new  Not for profit & small amount  Not more than 10% of medium  Citation does not protect against infringement claim by owner  Substantial grey area & lawsuits! (Stanford University Libraries, 2004)

7 Legal Issues Plagiarism  turning in someone else's work as your own  Changing the words of an original source is not sufficient to prevent plagiarism.  copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit  failing to put a quotation in quotation marks  giving incorrect information about the source  changing words but copying the sentence structure  copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit (Turnitin.com, 2004)

8 Information Literacy The set of skills needed to recognize a need for, find, retrieve, analyze, and use information (ALA, 2006). 21 st Century = “Information Age” “Data Smog” or too much information Information Literacy Standards

9 Higher Education The information literate student … 1.determines the nature & extent of the information needed. 2.accesses needed information effectively & efficiently. 3.evaluates information & its sources critically & incorporates selected information into his or her knowledge base & value system. 4.individually or as a member of a group, uses information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose. 5.understands many of the economic, legal, & social issues surrounding the use of information & accesses & uses information ethically & legally

10 Info Lit Standards for Student Learning 9 Standards with indicators

11 Validity of Source When you (or your students) search for information…in Google for instance, how do you determine which information to use, especially when you get several thousand “hits” in your search? (Discussion) Criteria to look for include the following:  Particular organization’s website  Author(s) identified  Affiliation identified (includes contact info)  Refers to outside sources  Date of publication/update  Citations/References  Non-biased if possible  Presentable/Organized/Free of language difficulties  Selection/review process (content filtered by reviewer before posting to site) Suggest using the free-web only as a starting point, then back-track the listed sources to more reliable sources

12 Publications Scholarly Journals Vs Popular Magazines Popular Magazine:  Cosmo, Newsweek, Time, etc.  Not good source of information for research Scholarly Journal:  Trade Publications Learning & Leading with Technology, etc. Good source of information for content areas  Peer-Reviewed/Refereed Journal of Technology & Teacher Education, etc. Considered most reliable source of information Gated Websites Vs Free Web  Gated = Restricted Login, Free = open WWW Books

13 Differences Scholarly Journal  Plain, subject matter expert, non paid  Theory & methods based research  Academic audience, peer reviewed  Credentials, based on prior research Trade Publication  Color, paid writer, technical, editorial review  Professional knowledge Popular Magazine  Fancy, paid journalist, conversational  Editorial review, confirmed sources

14 Web Sources Gated  Library, organizations, login Free-web  Internet access & browser  Wikipedia (anyone can edit)  Webopedia (specialized search eng.)  Google, Yahoo (broad search eng.)

15 APA References/Citations Examples  APA is premiere format in the field of Education  “References” not “Works Cited” Peer Reviewed Articles  Focus on the following sections: Abstract/methods/findings/discussion Library Search  Title search is most specific  Use classifiers and truncation  Refs <= 10 yrs most cases, except technology <= 5 yrs

16 Article Analysis Peer-Reviewed Journal Article  Non-researcher focus: Abstract Introduction Discussion Conclusion  Researcher focus (suggest skipping these unless you are a graduate student, or well grounded in statistics) Literature review Method (instrument, data collection, etc.) Results Limitations References (good place to find other articles)

17 Library Databases Article access practice Tech Talk