Module 06 The Skills

What’s Inside Reading skills in ESP Listening to monologue Listening and speaking skills in ESP Speaking monologue Writing skills in ESP

- Text as a Linguistic Object (TALO) Reading skills in ESP - Text as a Linguistic Object (TALO) - Text as a Vehicle of Information (TAVI) (Johns and Davies, 1983)

The reading component of ESP requires a balance between skills and language development: Selecting what is relevant for the current purpose Using all the features of the text such as headings, layout, typeface Skimming for content and meaning

Scanning for specifics Identifying organisational patterns Understanding relations within a sentence and between sentences Using cohesive and discourse markers Predicting, inferring and guessing

Identifying main ideas, supporting ideas and examples Processing and evaluating the information during reading Transferring or using the information while or after reading (Alderson, 1984)

Listening to monologue Features of monologue: Phonology Speed of delivery Real time processing Note-taking in real time Deducing the speaker’s attitude The teaching of listening comprehension

Listening and speaking skills in ESP Spoken Interaction in EAP and AOP: - Active listening - Questioning - One to one spoken interactions - Multi person spoken interactions

Speaking monologue Key features of oral presentations Structuring Voice work Advance signalling or signposts

Writing skills in ESP Teaching writing: a) The product approach b) The process approach c) The social-constructionist approach d) A synthesis of approach

Module 07 The Skills

What’s Inside Reading skills in ESP Listening to monologue Listening and speaking skills in ESP Speaking monologue Writing skills in ESP

Reading skills in ESP Designing and teaching reading courses Selecting texts Using the information that has been gathered Extracting and recoding information

Listening to monologue Micro skills and language (Richards 1983): Identify the purpose and scope of monologue Identify the topic of lecture and follow topic development Recognise the role of discourse maker

Recognize key lexical items related to subject/topic Deduce meanings of words from context Recognize function or intonation to signal information structure (ex. Pitch, volume, pace, key)

Listening and speaking skills in ESP Teaching listening and speaking skills: Speaking activities : provide a scenario for interaction whereas learners might find it helpful to consider first what the features of a successful interaction would be.

Listening Activities: (in EAP) note-taking and showing understanding by answering questions on the content Showing understanding is achieved through the use of paraphrasing, summarising and questioning. (listening): fill in the blanks, take notes and answer comprehension questions.

Speaking monologue mostly teaching of oral presentations in EAP occurs in English-medium situations with some examples.

Writing skills in ESP What is involved in writing: - planning - drafting - revising