Genetic Determinism Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Genetic Determinism

Cloning Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Cloning

Why do we want to clone? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Why do we want to clone?

Why do we want to clone? the therapeutic cloning: Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Why do we want to clone? the therapeutic cloning: We create a clone to save one person. the reproductive cloning: We use cloning to have a child.

Are they the same person? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Are they the same person?

Are they the same person? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Are they the same person? Some of people thinks that DNA decide of all but it is false. Because there is a difference during construction of human. Identical twins have not the same fingerprints.

Why are we afraid? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Why are we afraid?

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Why are we afraid? Yesterday: The scientists consider it was science fiction, and we should not think that it is serious "Nature 1997" Today: The scientists make research on the animals. Tomorrow: The Human beings cloned.

Theories against cloning Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Theories against cloning

2 theories against cloning Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard 2 theories against cloning Clones have pathology and malformation. (reduced by technology) The aim of a clone is just to create a copy, and it is not to live in the society.

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Danger As in the breedings, the people known as exceptional will be cloned. A clone does not have his life. The therapeutic cloning make an embryo, but when until can commit suicide an embryo. The human will not be original any more.

Sources « Nature » 1997 Jacques Testart www.monde-diplomatique.fr Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Sources « Nature » 1997 Jacques Testart www.monde-diplomatique.fr

What is a genetically modified food product? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard What is a genetically modified food product? Genetically modified food products are plants that have had their genetic characteristics altered. Scientists change the plants' characteristics by putting new genetic material into them, genes for example from a bacteria which can withstand pesticides.

What foods can you create by genetic modification? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard What foods can you create by genetic modification? Sweet corn Rice Tomatoes Rape Many Others

Example of genetically modified crops Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Example of genetically modified crops Pesticide resistant rape plants Advantages: The farmer can grow a larger crop because it is easier to fight pests. In some cases the farmer can use a more environmentally friendly crop spray. The farmer can also protect the environment by using less crop spray.

Example of genetically modified crops Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Example of genetically modified crops Pesticide resistant rape plants Disadvantages: Genes from the genetically modified rape crop could be transferred to the pests. The pests then become resistant to the crop spray and the crop spraying becomes useless. Rape plants can pollinate weeds - for example navew which is found in rape fields. When rape plants pollinate the navew their genes are transferred. The navew then acquires pesticide resistance.

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard EU Laws about GMO Is it legal to produce and sell genetically modified foods? Companies have to have permission to market and sell a food that is produced using a genetically modified plant. Is it legal to import genetically modified foods? At the moment, only certain forms of genetically modified Soya beans, rape and sweet corn may be imported into the EU. Who decides, what is legal? In Europe, the EU is mainly responsible for deciding what is legal with regard to genetically modified foods. Member countries must follow two sets of instructions from the EU. A Directive on release into the environment of genetically modified organisms (no. 2001/18/EC) The Regulation concerning novel foods and novel food ingredients (no. 258/97)

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard EU Laws about GMO Must genetically modified foods be labelled? In the EU, products containing traces of genetically modified substances are to be labelled as genetically modified. In other words - foods that are different from the corresponding non-genetically modified foods because they contain new substances in the form of proteins and genes, derived from gene- modification. The same rules apply to additives and flavourings. Are legal ethics considered? In 2001, for the first time, the EU- plan opened up to the fact that authorities can include ethical considerations in their resolutions

Rights and Wrongs Give your opinions Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Rights and Wrongs Give your opinions Are scientists playing God or are they merely facilitating a natural development? Is genetically modified food dangerous, or are people just frightened of something new? Can the richer countries refuse to save the poor from dying of hunger?

Main GM cultures in the world Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Main GM cultures in the world

GM Cultures evolution Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard GM Cultures evolution

GM Cultures evolution Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard GM Cultures evolution

GM Production Map Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard GM Production Map

Producer countries Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Producer countries

http://bionetonline.org/ http://www.ogm.gouv.qc.ca Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Bibliography http://bionetonline.org/ http://www.ogm.gouv.qc.ca http://www.cert-id.com/fr/consumers_methods.htm

DNA Database Who owns your genes? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard DNA Database Who owns your genes?

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard European Policy: The Ministers of Interior Department of G5 worked on the ways to improve safety in Europe. They will create Database storing the ADN of the criminals. http://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/informatique/0,39040745,39160307,00.htm

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Quiz (Numbers & Laws) How many genetic diseases are estimated to exist?  1-100 3000-4,000 30,000-40,000

How many genetic diseases are estimated to exist? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard How many genetic diseases are estimated to exist?  1-100 3000-4,000 30,000-40,000

How many genetic diseases can be identified by gene screening? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard How many genetic diseases can be identified by gene screening? Around 400 Around 4000 All of them

How many genetic diseases can be identified by gene screening? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard How many genetic diseases can be identified by gene screening? Around 400 Around 4000 All of them

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Is it legal for insurance companies to have access to the results of genetic tests in France? Yes No

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Is it legal for insurance companies to have access to the results of genetic tests in France? Yes No, instead, they ask for a declaration from applicants stating they are unaware of suffering from any disease.

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Is it legal for insurance companies to have access to the results of genetic tests in the UK? Yes No

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Is it legal for insurance companies to have access to the results of genetic tests in the UK? Yes, unlike many European countries, there are currently no laws banning insurance companies from accessing the results of genetic tests No

What will be the future applications of database? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard What will be the future applications of database? What are your opinions Should Insurance companies access to our DNA database?

What will be the future applications of database? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard What will be the future applications of database? What are your opinions Should Insurance companies access to our DNA database? Should the recruiters access to our DNA database to know if we are the good people for the job?

What will be the future applications of database? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard What will be the future applications of database? What are your opinions Should Insurance companies access to our DNA database? Should the recruiters access to our DNA database to know if we are the good people for the job? Should the policemen spy people who have dangerous genes for others?

Design your baby Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Design your baby

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Today Advanced reproductive technologies allow parents and doctors to screen embryos for genetic disorders and select healthy embryos.So why not a perfect baby ? What will we do when scientists are able to manipulate genes to form the so-called "perfect person?" And when we're able to identify the gene for intelligence, athleticism or beauty, will we want to make sure our future children have it?

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard God or Devil ? In fact , there is intense speculation in the media about the implications of geneticists' capacity to identify the functions of a growing number of genes. The fear is that prenatal screening and abortion might be employed not only to prevent disease and disability but also by prospective parents anxious to maximise their offspring's brains, beauty and conformity to conventional behavioural norms and Designer babies is a term used by journalists to describe this frightening scenario. It is not a term used by scientists

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Exemple Poll In a poll taken 10 years ago, 11 percent of American parents surveyed said they would abort a child if they knew it was going to be obese. Source : http://christianity.com/partner/Article_Display_Page

Today We were conceived in a genetic lottery Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Today We were conceived in a genetic lottery But what are the situation today ? Doctors can already to choose the sex of your future baby: What do you think about this possibility ? Should parents be allowed to custom build their children and choose desirable or cosmetic characteristics ?

Help to debate First case : Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Help to debate First case : Modification to a women who are having trouble getting pregnant, because doctors need access to the embryos. Second case : What about couples who are perfectly fertile - not prone to miscarriage, not carriers of a debilitating disease – and ask for modification to select the sex of their babies.

Poll How do you feel about baby sex selection ? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Poll How do you feel about baby sex selection ? 27.78% Scares me by taking place of God 6.67% Unsure to the long-term consequences 11.85% I would do it 9.26% I do not know yet 6.30% This is a great tool for parents 7.04% I am uncomfortable with the idea 9.26% I fully support it 21.11% Some things science should not touch

Right or Wrong ? Differents cases : Cure genetic disease Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Right or Wrong ? Differents cases : Cure genetic disease http://preconception.com/resources/articles/pgd.htm If you know that your child will have a rare genetic disease that you can avoid with genetic therapy , is it normal to try to avoid that ? Should scientists tamper with the genes of unborn children to cure genetic disease? Is it right? Is it unnatural?

Laws France / England Status of Laws in France and England Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Laws France / England Status of Laws in France and England Is selecting an embryo for its genes legal ? Is it legal to genetically engineer animals? Is sex selection legal ? http://www.bionetonline.org/english/Content/db_eth.htm

Stem Cells What are stem cells? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Stem Cells What are stem cells? Scientists are excited about the possibility of Stem Cells

Stem Cells Where do the embryos come from? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Stem Cells Where do the embryos come from? There are currently at least 100,000 'spare' human embryos stored in freezers across the European Union.

Stem Cells Is it right to use an embryo as a stem cell 'factory'? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Stem Cells Is it right to use an embryo as a stem cell 'factory'? Is an embryo a human life or just a ball of cells? Do the rights of the embryo outweigh the rights of the adult or child with an incurable disease?

Stem Cells When does an embryo or foetus become a human being? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Stem Cells When does an embryo or foetus become a human being? At the moment of conception? Two months after fertilisation when the head and body are recognisable, but the embryo has no awareness because the brain has not wired up? At 5 1/2 months when the foetus can respond to noise and if born would survive? Only when the baby is born?

Living Longer How long can we live? life expectancy in 2004 : Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Living Longer How long can we live? life expectancy in 2004 : Source : http://www.reseauproteus.net/fr/Actualites/Statistiques/

Living Longer How do we age? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Living Longer How do we age? How can science slow down the ageing process? The law

Living Longer Can society afford an even larger elderly population? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Living Longer Can society afford an even larger elderly population? Will we still have respect for the elderly when their numbers are exploding? How long should we go on working if we lived much longer?

Living Longer Is it a good idea to have longer life in our society? Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Living Longer Is it a good idea to have longer life in our society? Should we aim for more life to our days than more days to our life?