Endocrine control of osmolarity Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Aldosterone Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Osmoregulation: ADH Induces H 2 O conservation Released from posterior pituitary Peptide hormone Activates kidney cells to increase water pores on membrane surface inside collecting duct Net effect: water conservation

Figure 45.6a Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands

Osmoregulation: Vasopressin (ADH)

Osmoregulation: Aldosterone Induces Na + conservation Synthesized and released from adrenal cortex Steroid hormone (moves in and out of cells by diffusion) Acts on kidney cells to increase production of Na + membrane channels and Na + /K + pumps

Osmoregulation: Aldosterone

Osmoreg.:Atrial natriuretic peptide Induces Na+ and water excretion Released from the heart when plasma volume is high Peptide hormone Acts on the kidney to increase Na+ & water excretion, mechanisms not well understood Also act as antagonist to vasopressin and aldosterone

Aldosterone & ADH effects on OsM If aldosterone rises OsM increases or decreases? If ADH rises OsM increases or decreases?

Endocrine control of basal metabolic rate - thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Figure 45.6b Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands

Thyroid hormones - amines from thyroid that regulate BMR

Anterior pituitary Hypothalamus Thyroid glands Thyroid hormone control and function

Primary thyroid tumor hypersecreting Secondary hypothalamic atrophy due to local stroke Iodine deficiency hypothalamusTRH anterior pituitary TSH thyroid glandT3 & thyroxine metabolic rate Indicate whether level is increased, decreased or no change

Endocrine response to stress - epinephrine and norepinephrine - cortisol

Figure Stress and the adrenal gland

Catecholamine hormones - amines that control our response to acute stress - Cardiac output increases - Blood vessels to skel. muscles dilate - Blood vessels to dig. organs constrict - Liver produces glucose

Cortisol control CRH hypothalamus ACTH cortisol ( - ) ( + ) adrenal cortex negative feedback ( + ) anterior pituitary Diurnal rhythm & chronic stress catabolic effects Break down proteins and fats to make more plasma glucose