Sophists in Athens : Fifth-Century Enlightenment “A teacher of this sort I believe myself to be, and above all other men help people attain what is noble.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Crito Philosophy 21 Fall, 2004 G. J. Mattey. Escape? Socrates will be executed in two or three days unless Crito and his other friends arrange his escape.

Advertisements

Plato and Aristotle “Rule of Law” and “Tyranny” Mr. Chan Saeteurn.

Plato, The Apology Socrates’ trial.

Outcome: The Athenian Golden Age

THE GREEKS Classical Greece 700 – 300BCE. THE POLIS Center of Greek life City-State Autonomous – separated from other Polis’s by geography Ex) Athens.

Greek Philosophers. Philosophers – “lovers of wisdom” Sophists – “workers of wisdom” – Teachers – Teachers phileo = love sophia = wisdom If sophia = wisdom.

Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle

Plato and the Republic. History of Philosophy in Brief 5 th Century BC & Peloponnesian War “Good guys” = The Sophists  Heraclitus – “all is in flux”

Bell Ringer What are the Iliad and the Odyssey about?

The Sophists 4th and 5th century B.C.E. The Sophists of the 4th and 5th Century B.C.  Sophistry means practical wisdom.  The first two sophists were:

Matthew’s Demonstration Communication 165 Matthew Ryan.

Chapter one – public speaking, a long tradition

Socrates’ Athens. Who was Socrates? A citizen of Athens born 470 BCE to a stone mason & a midwife. Full participant in life of the polis. Inquired into.

UNIT 1 – GREECE AND ROME. Classical Greece 2000 B.C.–300 B.C. SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea Warring.

Coach Crews World History. Before Define: - Philosophy - Philosopher - Socratic method.

Protagoras the first sophist Pierre Gergis. Biography B.C. In Plato’s Protagoras dialogue, he states that he is old enough to be the father of.

Philosophy. Greek thinkers intensely curious  What is the nature of the world?  What is the meaning of life?  What is justice?  What is truth?  What.

Chapter 4 Section 5 Greek Culture Left Lasting Legacies Objectives What form of literature did the Greeks invent? Who were the Sophists? What contributions.

Greek Philosophers. What is Philosophy? Means “love of wisdom” The rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct.

The Sophists By: Maureen Lewis-Stump April 19, 2011 Mr. Dunn’s Honors Philosophy.

Plato Republic. Ebenstein & Ebenstein: -Plato’s assumption: “the right kind of government and politics can be the legitimate object of rigorous, rational.

Political and philosophical contributions to modern democracy.

Thucydides July 11, 2008 Lecture. “International Relations” What is “international relations” about? –Distinctions between insiders and outsiders –Relationships.

Greece Based on the creation of city-states rather than a single political unit. Based on the creation of city-states rather than a single political unit.

The Golden Age. The Age of Pericles 3 Goals 1. Strengthen Athenian Democracy 2. Hold and strengthen the Empire 3. Glorify Athens.

Sophists in Fifth-Century Athens The Greek Enlightenment.

CH 8: Greek Civilization & Alexander Lesson 2 World History Mr. Rich Miami Arts Charter.

Greek Philosophers “Lovers of Wisdom”. Basic Assumptions Universe is orderly and subject to absolute and unchanging laws Universe is orderly and subject.

Ethical rationalism Lecture 1: Introduction to Plato's Republic “Sincerity – if you can fake that, you’ve got it made.” --Advice given to Daniel Schorr.

Greek Philosophers Lovers of Wisdom. Socrates Born in Athens 470 BC Fought in some wars for Athens Received big chunk of money after his father died Began.

Chapter 5 Section 4 The Glory That Was Greece. Reason The Greeks Believed that events were caused by reason Philosophers studied many kinds of subjects.

The Sophists Who are the Sophists? Nomos (law) vs. Physis (nature) Why Might People Have Hated the Sophists? Moral Relativism Distrusted by Conservatives.

Exercise # 1 A short summary of a Greek tragedy by Aeschylus, Sophocles, or Euripides.

Plato’s Republic Books 1 and 2. Overview Conventional Views of Justice Thrasymachus: Advantage of the Stronger Glaucon’s Question.

To the Cave HUM 2051: Civilization I Fall 2010 Dr. Perdigao September 24-29, 2010.

After the Peloponnesian War Athenians lost confidence in their democratic government and began to question their values. At this time, several great thinkers.

ANCIENT GREECE.

Chapter 1: Sources of Democratic Tradition 2000 B.C.E.- C.E Section 1: The Greek Roots of Democracy I. The Rise of Greek City-States A. Between

 Why did the Persians attack Greece?  What famous battle started the Persian wars?  Who were the father and son that led Persia during the Persian.

Dr. Kerem Eksen ITU. PHILO + SOPHIA  love of wisdom The study of the nature of reality, existence, being, nature, values, mind, language… Historically,

The Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian Influence on Democracy

Located bodies an argument – we find ourselves in connections through articulations of people and things in particular circumstances (location/context.

Golden Age of Greece BC. 50 years it lasted… Athens –growth in learning Intellectual –Philosophy –Science Artistic –Drama –Sculpture Called the.

UNIT 1 – GREECE AND ROME. Classical Greece 2000 B.C.–300 B.C. SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea Warring.

Greek Philosophers. Philosophers – “lovers of wisdom” Sophists – “workers of wisdom” – Teachers – Teachers phileo = love sophia = wisdom If sophia = wisdom.

Ancient Greek philosophy is dominated by three very famous men:Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. All three of these lived in Athens for most of their lives,

Chapter 5 Section 3. Direct democracy Classical art Tragedy Comedy Peloponnesian War Philosopher Socrates Plato Aristotle.

The Sophists PHILOSOPHER-LAWYERS FOR HIRE. The beginning of Athenian democracy  In 508 BC, the Athenian noble Kleisthenes “joined the people to his followers”

His words were recorded by Plato, his most famous pupil. famous pupil. His words were recorded by Plato, his most famous pupil. famous pupil. He saw.

Introducing the Sophists. 2 “...for every school of thought, another school is established in reaction.” (Smith 35) The Sophists Truth is relative.

Rule of Law: Past to Present Past: might makes right Present: rules or laws broken, offenders are punished. Punitive or rule by fear. Future: rules are.

Peloponnesian War Athens & Sparta.

The Legacy of Ancient Greece

The Life of Socrates Socrates ( BCE).

Greece - Golden Age.

Greek Philosophers.

Greece - Golden Age.

Outcome: The Athenian Golden Age

Outcome: The Athenian Golden Age

Why is he the inspiration for this class?

Aim: Understanding the Philosophies of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

A B C Which one of these is the oldest structure?

Rise of Democratic Ideals

Democracy Develops in Athens

Outcome: The Athenian Golden Age

Greek Philosophers.

Was Athenian Democracy Fair?

Ruled by minority of citizens.

Greek Philosophers.

Presentation transcript:

Sophists in Athens : Fifth-Century Enlightenment “A teacher of this sort I believe myself to be, and above all other men help people attain what is noble and good; and I give my pupils their money’s worth and even more, as they themselves confess.” Plato, Protagoras, 328 b (Protagoras speaking)

Thucydides (2.38) on Athens and Culture “When our work is over, we are in a position to enjoy all kinds of recreation for our spirits. There are various kinds of contests and sacrifices regularly throughout the year; in our own homes we find a beauty and a good taste which delight us every day and which drive away our cares. Then the greatness of our city brings it about that all the good things from all over the world flow in to us, so that to us it seems just as natural to enjoy foreign goods as our own local products.”

Empire and Culture  Jared Diamond’s Guns, Germs, and Steel Societal complexity and Artistic and Intellectual Production  Athens and Imperial Infrastructure Naval Empire and Its Industries Shipwrights Docks and Dock-workers Pitch and Rope Manufactures Training of Crews Athens and Its Subjects Service Industries as Metropole Metropolitan Commercial Centers

Sophists as Socio-Cultural Phenomenon  Sophia = “Wisdom”  Sophistes: “Wise Man”  Itinerant Professors Teach for Pay Attract Large Followings  Wide Range of Expertise Astronomy, Geometry, Language, Rhetoric Arete

Fifth-Century Athens as the Hub of the Sophistic Movement  Second Half of Century: Sophists Gravitate to Athens  Culture as the Child of Empire?  Oratory and Athenian Democratic Politics (Market Forces of Democracy) Gorgias of Leontini and the Rhetorical Education of the Public Speaker The Metic Lysias and the Business of Speech-Writing W.R. Connor’s “New Politicians”  The Patronage of Pericles (Damon, Anaxagoras, Protagoras)

Sophistic Relativism Dangers to the Established Order?  Nomos vs. Physis (Culture vs. Nature)  Thrasymachean Justice: Right of the Stronger (cf. Alcibiades)  Moral Ambiguity and the Dissoi Logoi  Form over Substance (Gorgianic simile and antithesis)  Tradition of Impiety Trials at Athens (Anaxagoras, Diagoras, Socrates, Aspasia, Protagoras) Tool in Athenian factional politics? Fabricated charge of intellectuals in response to condemnation and execution of Socrates?

Plato, Republic, 338e-339a (Thrasymachus) “And each makes laws to his own advantage. Democracy makes democratic laws, tyranny makes tyrannical laws, and so on with the others. And they declare what they have made—what is to their own advantage—to be just for their subjects, and they punish anyone who goes against this as lawless and unjust. This, then, is what I say justice is, the same in all cities, the advantage of the established rule. Since the established rule is surely stronger, anyone who reasons correctly will conclude that the just is the same everywhere, namely, the advantage of the stronger.”

Compare Thucydides (5.89) Athenians to Melians (416 BCE ) “You know as well as we do that, when these matters are discussed by practical people, the standard of justice depends on the equality of power to compel and that in fact the strong do what they have the power to do and the weak accept what they have to accept.”