Proper Citation and Attribution Avoiding Plagiarism Lois S. Sadler and Janene Batten Yale University School of Nursing 2010

What is PLAGIARISM? Use of another person's work without acknowledgment with the intent to pass it off as your own

What is PLAGIARISM? Use of another person's work without acknowledgment with the intent to pass it off as your own Buying, stealing, borrowing, or otherwise obtaining all or part of a paper; hiring someone to write a paper

What is PLAGIARISM? Use of another person's work without acknowledgment with the intent to pass it off as your own Buying, stealing, borrowing, or otherwise obtaining all or part of a paper; hiring someone to write a paper Submitting the same paper for more than one class

It is a serious offense It’s easier to track than you think. Instructors reading your work have a very sound knowledge of the field of interest you are writing about, and can recognize the use of other’s work. It is easier than ever to find the source of plagiarized material.

When is plagiarism most likely to happen? When assignments or papers are left to the last minute….plan ahead and stage your work to avoid last minute writing…. When students are stressed by multiple life or academic pressures and try to take short cuts When students are not careful about their note-taking, or instead of note-taking, copy and paste actual text into their electronic notes folder or paper draft….NEVER DO THIS!

Consequences of Lack of or Inadequate Attribution YSN - Policy #33 Disciplinary Procedures of the School of Nursing  Hearing  If proven to have plagiarized penalties include reprimand probation suspension expulsion In addition YSN may refer students for prosecution

Correct Attribution Students must acknowledge the work of others when they are creating their own works.

How to Avoid Plagiarism proper and complete citation of  original source of the work  ideas  words  concepts  data  Images This applies to paraphrasing or summarizing the work of others as well as direct quotations. If in doubt, always ask!

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How to avoid – Research keep accurate information about sources never copy and paste text from another source unless you quote it and cite it as a quote if your conclusions are same as someone else’s acknowledge consensus

How to avoid – Helpful Tools Citation Management Tools  EndNote ($)  RefWorks (Free from the Library) egory/citations egory/citations  Quosa Organizes and indexes all your articles and documents

How to avoid – Writing organize your work in an original way give exact attribution  use quotation marks and include page number when necessary citations should allow reader to find material quoted *see APA Manual 6 th Edition pp

How to avoid – Editing Ask yourself is the language my own, even paraphrasing? is this my original idea? If not, acknowledge source or rewrite to reflect your thoughts and wording

How to Cite When in doubt CITE! “ ”

Citation Resources in detail! APA Manual 6 th Edition!  Required for courses and writing assignments  Medical Library Info Room REF20 BF76.7 P List price $28.95 ($16 on Amazon)

Citation Resources in detail! Dedicated links  Nursing Librarian’s APA site Nursing Librarian’s APA  APA Style.org APA Style.org Style help Tutorials  General Counsel Office - Copyright  Copyright Law and Fair Use

Not APA Style?? If writing for a journal that requires a different style (other than APA)  principles are the same  consult the specific guidelines for authors concerning the actual citation format Check the Journal’s/Publisher’s site Manuscript submission Instructions to Authors

Images There are databases should you need images: Image Resources Before using any images please check copyright statements for each site Always cite images found on the Internet

Academic Integrity Module MANDATORY Complete the YSN Academic Integrity Module reviews the basic principles of academic integrity required for all students as part of the registration process….

Consequences of Lack of Attribution or Inadequate Attribution -- #1 YSN  Policy #32 Personal Conduct Policy is signed by all students at entry into YSN  Policy #33 Disciplinary Procedures of the School of Nursing  In most cases, when lack of attribution is documented by the faculty, failure of the assignment occurs, followed by the procedure as outlined in Policy #33

Consequences of Lack of Attribution or Inadequate Attribution -- #2 Within the University  Graduate School refers all allegations to the Graduate School Committee on Regulations and Discipline. May result in dismissal from the University.  Academic Fraud at Yale University

Consequences of Lack of Attribution or Inadequate Attribution -- #3 In the larger academic and clinical community  Professional careers are ended or severely damaged- Stephen Ambrose, Doris Kearns Goodwin…others

Resources and References American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6 th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. American Psychological Association. (2007). APA style guide to electronic references. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Yale College Writing Center -- ( Yale College and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences ( YSN Personal Conduct Policy  Policy #  Policy #