Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 1 Learning Design Language (LDL) to specify Services Christian Martel* ** Laurence Vignollet* *Université de Savoie and **Pentila Corp 2nd TenCompetence Workshop

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 2 Contents Introduction LDL’s Metamodel to scenarize services Re-use of the service model in a learning scenario Implementation in the Learning Design Infrastructure (LDI) Conclusion & future works

Introduction

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 4 Scientific works « Scenario » Team of University of Savoie in collaboration with PENTILA Corp. Research topics: – An alternative learning design language: LDL – An operationnalisation and execution infrastructure: LDI

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 5 LDL’s philosophy Organising the progression of a cooperative learning activity Organising participants’ interactions indicating which services will be used Observing participants’ reactions and interactions Facilitating scenario reusability

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 6 State of the art Several learning design languages: – A standard : IMS-LD (introduced by R. Koper from Open University or The Netherlands) – LAMS-LD (introduced by J. Dalziel, Macquarie University, Australia) – LDL (University of Savoie, University of Grenoble, PENTILA) LDL has been created to allow to describe and specify learning activities on Internet

LDL’s Metamodel to scenarize the activity supported by services

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 8 LDL Learning Design Language (LDL) – Based on a theoretical model: “the participation model” [Martel, 98] – Few concepts: Roles held by participants Interactions between roles Arena where (and with which) interactions are performed Structures to describe the learning flow Positions expressed by learners/agents to make choice Rules on interactions or structures Observables as structured trails of activities.

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 9 Meta-model LDL : conceptual meta-model

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 10 The « planet game » (ws ICALT 2006) (simplified Activity diagram UML) Team Team ATeam BTeacherLearner Classify Planets Observe EvaluateComplete Map

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 11 The « planet game » (ws ICALT 2006) (LDL analytic view) N N/2 : Learner Teacher N/2 Organizational activity Learning Activity Team B Assessment Activity Observation Activity Team A Learning Activity Team A

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 12 Use of Services in the « planet game» Each team has: – a 'Chat' to discuss, – questionnaires to win new clues, – a collaborative table-pad. Teams can negotiate clues discussing in a Forum (learning activity).

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 13 Service definition (in the context of this work) Software accessible on Internet through a standard API, Software Application supporting an activity Examples: – Forum – Wikipedia – Exerciser – Chat – …

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 14 Observation: limited description of services in LD IMS-LD

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 15 Observation: limited description of services in LD LAMS : List of pre-defined services

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 16 Observation: limited description of services in LD LDL : Arena Arena Takes place in

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 17 Problem : in LD languages services are « black boxes » How to scenarize the use of a service: – Controlling the activity supported by the service How to observe what is going on when a service is used: – How to adapt the activity taking into account users’ actions

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 18 The new idea: Use LDL to scenarize the use of a service LDL allows to scenarize activities Services support activities  Thus, activities supported by services can be scenarized using LDL

Re-use of the service model in a learning scenario

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 20 The new idea: Use LDL to scenarize the use of a service Method : – Study existing services describing the “typical activity” supported – Specify this “typical activity” with LDL

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 21 The « planet game » (ws ICALT 2006) (LDL analytic view) N/2 : Learner Teacher N/2 Learning Activity Team B Learning Activity Team A Forum A FORUM Activity Forum B

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 22 Build the scenario of the forum FORUM Activity Forum FORUM scenario

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 23 Example : modelling a Forum by the activity it supports where the activity will take place, who are the participants, how and when these participants’ interventions will be connected throughout the activity, the rules the participants will have to comply with, what the consequences of the participants’ reactions, actions and points of view on the activity will be and how they will be able to express these points of view, which part of the other participants’ activity the participants and the teacher will be able to see (awareness).

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 24 Example: Forum Modelling The service supports two different activities discussion moderation speaker moderator

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 25 Example: Modelling a Forum Definition of the structure of discussion Add subjectAdd interventionAdd comment

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 26 Example: Modelling a Forum Interactions in Arena Add subject Add intervention Add comment Subject R_Start R_Stop speaker

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 27 Example: Modelling a Forum Interactions in Arena Add intervention Add commentAdd subject Intervention R_Start R_Stop speaker

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 28 Example: Modelling a Forum Definition of observables – Presence of speaker in the Forum – Number of interventions to moderate – Last intervention –...

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 29 Result It is possible to scenarize in LDL the activity supported by a service. The scenarization of the activity supported by a service can be integrated into an educational scenario as the Planet Game* * case study proposed during the ICALT’2006 workshop [Vignollet & al, 2006] for comparing Educational Modeling Languages. The solution of the case study using LDL is presented in [Martel & al, 2006b].

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 30 Concept of « Use_pattern » in LDL Planet Game

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 31 Relations between scenarios in LDL Forum Organisation Learning Observation re-use launch 1 re-uses 2 3 launches 2 & launch see 4 sees 1

Implementation in Learning Design Infrastructure

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 33 Learning scenario life-cycle ConceptionOperationnaliseExecute tools cycle LDworkspaceinfrastructure

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 34 Operationnalisation of the model of a service in LDI

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 35 Operationnalisation of the model of a service in LDI

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 36 Conclusions and future works Proposed solution : re-using LDL to specify the activity supported by a service. Current Work : Automatisation by construction of the correspondences between the LDL concepts used to specify the activity, and the APIs of the service which could mediate the specified activity.

Christian Martel, Laurence Vignollet - 2nd TenCompetence Workshop 37 More info ld.pentila.com Pentila is member of