1. 1 TOOL5100-CSCL Presentation of 2 papers by Jan Are Otnes Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts – Modelling Features and Potential Use Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts – Modelling Features and Potential Use 2. March 2006

2. 2 Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building Abstract/Introduction Abstract/Introduction A Diagram of Personal and Social Knowledge- Building A Diagram of Personal and Social Knowledge- Building Opportunities for Computer Support Opportunities for Computer Support The Idea of a Computer System to Support the Knowledge-Building Process The Idea of a Computer System to Support the Knowledge-Building Process Conclusion Conclusion

3. 3 Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building Abstract/Introduction The paper present a model of learning as a social process The paper present a model of learning as a social process Individual minds in relation to socio-cultural Individual minds in relation to socio-cultural Framework for the design of CSCL-SW (KBE) Framework for the design of CSCL-SW (KBE) 5 theories of learning (Koschmann) 5 theories of learning (Koschmann) The paper incorporating insights from these theories/philosophies The paper incorporating insights from these theories/philosophies Multiple phases constitute a cycle => increasingly complex questions to be posed Multiple phases constitute a cycle => increasingly complex questions to be posed

4. 4 Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building A Diagram of Personal and Social Knowledge-Building

5. 5 Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building Opportunities for Computer Support Phase of knowledge buildingForm of computer support articulate in wordsarticulation editor public statementspersonal perspective other people's public statementscomparison perspective discuss alternativesdiscussion forum argumentation & rationaleargumentation graph clarify meaningsglossary discussion shared understandingGlossary negotiate perspectivesnegotiation support collaborative knowledgegroup perspective formalize and objectifybibliography discussion cultural artefacts and representationsbibliography or other community repository

6. 6 Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building The Idea of a Computer System to Support the Knowledge-Building Process(1) A KBE should: A KBE should: go beyond a single-purpose system go beyond a single-purpose system retain a record of the knowledge that was built up retain a record of the knowledge that was built up And it should therefore probably be: And it should therefore probably be: “built on asynchronous, persistent collaborative technologies and be deployed on the Internet as a Web-based environment” “built on asynchronous, persistent collaborative technologies and be deployed on the Internet as a Web-based environment”

7. 7 Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building A KBE should: A KBE should: Support several lifecycle phases Support several lifecycle phases Help people express their beliefs, discuss them with others, negotiate shared understandings + + + Help people express their beliefs, discuss them with others, negotiate shared understandings + + + Provide facilities like searching, browsing, filtering +++ Provide facilities like searching, browsing, filtering +++ Significant difficulties but their potential advantages seem extraordinary! Significant difficulties but their potential advantages seem extraordinary! The Idea of a Computer System to Support the Knowledge-Building Process(2)

8. 8 Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building Conclusion “The process model of knowledge-building presented in this paper provides a conceptual framework for the design, use and assessment of such systems” “KBEs have the potential to provide computationally-supported communication media to facilitate this process that forms a centerpiece of the learning sciences.”

9. 9 Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts – Modeling Features and Potential Use Introduction Introduction Part one Part one Investigating the capacity of IMS LD for formalizing Collaborative Learning Scripts Investigating the capacity of IMS LD for formalizing Collaborative Learning Scripts An approach to formalize CSCL Scripts An approach to formalize CSCL Scripts CSCL script authoring tools CSCL script authoring tools Part two Part two Potential uses and system support of CSCL scripts Potential uses and system support of CSCL scripts Conclusions and future work Conclusions and future work

10. 10 Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts – Modeling Features and Potential Use Introduction(1) Collaboration script is a set of instructions specifying how the group members should interact and collaborate to solve a problem. O’Donnell & Dansereau(1992) Collaboration script is a set of instructions specifying how the group members should interact and collaborate to solve a problem. O’Donnell & Dansereau(1992) Internal or external representations Internal or external representations A CSCL-script is a computational representation of a collaborative script A CSCL-script is a computational representation of a collaborative script A general modelling language for formalising collaboration scripts is missing. A general modelling language for formalising collaboration scripts is missing. No tool for CSCL practitioners to create, reuse, integrate, and customize CSCL scripts. No tool for CSCL practitioners to create, reuse, integrate, and customize CSCL scripts.

11. 11 Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts – Modeling Features and Potential Use Introduction(2) Existing learning process modelling language IMS-LD provides insufficient support to model group-based, synchronous collaborative learning activities. Existing learning process modelling language IMS-LD provides insufficient support to model group-based, synchronous collaborative learning activities. Some attempts have been done to extend IMS-LD, but still no good solutions. Some attempts have been done to extend IMS-LD, but still no good solutions. The aim for the research work presented in this paper is to develop a scripting language for formalising CSCL scripts and exploring their potential types of usage and system support possibilities The aim for the research work presented in this paper is to develop a scripting language for formalising CSCL scripts and exploring their potential types of usage and system support possibilities

12. 12 Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts – Modeling Features and Potential Use Investigating the capacity of IMS LD for formalizing Collaborative Learning Scripts Maze script, strategies how to escape Maze script, strategies how to escape Major difficulties and challenges in modelling: Major difficulties and challenges in modelling: Groups Groups Artefacts Artefacts Dynamic features Dynamic features Complicated control flow Complicated control flow Varied forms of social interaction Varied forms of social interaction

13. 13 Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts – Modeling Features and Potential Use An approach to formalize CSCL Scripts CSCL Scripting language

14. 14 Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building An approach to formalize CSCL Scripts Solution Explicitly introducing groups Explicitly introducing groups Explicitly introducing artefacts Explicitly introducing artefacts Extending actions and expressions Extending actions and expressions Introducing transitions and routing activities Introducing transitions and routing activities Using activity-centred methods to assign roles Using activity-centred methods to assign roles

15. 15 Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts – Modeling Features and Potential Use CSCL script authoring tools

16. 16 Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts – Modeling Features and Potential Use Potential uses and system support of CSCL scripts System as Editor/Viewer System as Editor/Viewer Syntactical mapping to a visual/conceptual representation Syntactical mapping to a visual/conceptual representation Presentation of models in multiple perspective Presentation of models in multiple perspective Procedural/Temporal Procedural/Temporal Artefacts Artefacts Roles Roles Individual/Group Individual/Group Model-based prediction Model-based prediction Simulation Simulation Static configuration of the learning environment Static configuration of the learning environment Monitoring of the learning flow Monitoring of the learning flow Model-based scaffolding Model-based scaffolding

17. 17 Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts – Modeling Features and Potential Use Conclusions and future work Stated five major limitations in IMS LD when formalising CSCL scripts Stated five major limitations in IMS LD when formalising CSCL scripts Suggested a scripting language for CSCL based on this, where these limitations are solved Suggested a scripting language for CSCL based on this, where these limitations are solved Discussed potential usages of CSCL scripts and possibilities of system support Discussed potential usages of CSCL scripts and possibilities of system support Developed two script authoring tools, based on the CSCL scripting language Developed two script authoring tools, based on the CSCL scripting language Currently focusing on testing the modelling capacity, real experiments will be conducted Currently focusing on testing the modelling capacity, real experiments will be conducted Will develop an integrated environment later on. Will develop an integrated environment later on.

18. 18 Questions?