ESS st half topics covered in class, reading, and labs Images and maps - (x,y,z,,t) Temporal data - Time-lapse movies Spatial data - Photos and interpretation Spectral data Electromagnetic spectrum Absorption and Beer’s law (  =e -kz ) Transmission Reflection Scattering and Lambert’s law  R=I o (cos i)/  Interaction of light and materials Electronic processes (VNIR) - electron transition (VIS), sharing (UV), crystral field (NIR) Vibrations and overtones (SWIR-TIR) Gas, liquid, glass, crystalline Spectra of common materials leaves, soil, water, clouds, snow, iron oxides, hydrated minerals

ESS st half key areas for midterm (Tuesday, 9 February 9:30-10:20) Questions may be drawn from labs, lectures, text Basic remote sensing parameters irradiance, radiance, and their units the electromagnetic spectrum thermal emission Atmospheric effects and scattering processes Scattering and reflection from surfaces Spectroscopy fundamentals Spectra of common materials

Class 10: Earth-orbiting satellites and Review Thursday 4 February No Reading Last lecture: Spectroscopy, mineral spectra

Orbit Platform Sensor 1957 Sputnik 1999 EOS C-130 Sputnik Sputnik 2 with Laika

SEBASS Hyperspectral TIR sensor in a Twin Otter Airborne platforms – test beds, flexible paths

Orbits Key elements: - eccentricity - inclination - periapsis

Inclination Low inclinationHigh inclination

Hubble Space Telescope – low inclination most Shuttles - low inclination

Exception: SRTM i=58º

High-inclination orbits

Special case – Sun-synchronous orbit (i ~ -81º) Satellite is overhead at same local solar time all year Why would you choose - late morning? - mid afternoon? - early morning?

Global coverage

Sensor characteristics - spatial resolution and field of view - spectral resolution - spectral coverage - number of bands Spatial resolution depends on experiment high – spatial detail, less emphasis on spectroscopy moderate – environmental monitoring low – weather, oceanography Spectral resolution panchromatic multispectral hyperspectral (imaging spectroscopy)

Spectral coverage Optical reflected sunlight thermal infrared LiDAR Microwave passive Radar Gamma ray, X ray, geophysical (magnetic, gravity fields)

LANDSAT – SUN-SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT Thematic Mapper

Tuesday class: Midterm