1) Take out your homework 2) What is solubility and how can it be changed.

 Is there a time when there is too much sugar in the water to dissolve anymore? Once reach that point, you cannot make the solution taste any sweeter.

 The maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a constant temperature is called solubility.  Solubilities are expressed as grams of solute per 100grams of solvent at a specific temperature.  Knowing the solubility of a substance can help you classify solutions based on how much solute they contain.

 Saturated One that contains as much solute as the solvent can hold at a given temperature.  Unsaturated One that contains less than the max amount of solute that can be dissolved.  Super Saturated One that contains more solute than it can normally hold at a given temp.

 Can you wash oil off your hands with water? What do you need to wash off oil? Oil is soluble in soapy water, but not pure water.  Varies with the solvent used and with the conditions of the solution process  3 factors that affect solubility of a solute: polarity of the solvent, temperature, and pressure

 Polarity of the solvent Like dissolves like  Oil molecules are nonpolar and water are polar  Temperature Solubility of solids increase with temperature increase (ex: sugar in cold water/ in hot water) Gases become less soluble with temperature of solvent increasing (ex: heating soda)  Pressure Increasing the pressure of a gas increases its solubility in a liquid. (ex- use pressure to force CO2 into soda)

 Amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solution. Ex: tea- longer leave teabag in water, the more concentrated (more solute) the tea is  Can be expressed as percent by volume, percent by mass, and molarity.

Volume of solute x 100% Volume of Solution - Fruit Juice- 27% of “real juice”

Mass of solute x 100% Mass of Solution - More useful when solute is a solid

 Molarity= Moles of solute Liters of solution Add 10g of NaCl to 100ml of water Add 10g of sugar to 100ml of water - Do the 2 solutions contain the same number of particles? - No

 1 mole= 6.02 X particles of the substance  Molar mass of NaCl= 58.5g  Molar mass of sugar (C 12 H 22 O 11 )= 342g  To make 1 mole of each solution have to add enough water to make 1 liter of solution

 Word Wise worksheet  Section 8.2 worksheet