1. 2.2 Concentration and Solubility

2. Concentration and Solubility
Dissolving one substance into another makes a solution.
What are some examples of solutions?

3. Concentration and Solubility
Dissolving one substance into another makes a solution.
What are some examples of solutions?
sugar and water
salt and water
iced tea
orange juice from concentrate

4. Concentration and Solubility
Dissolving one substance into another makes a solution.
The substance that dissolves is called the solute.
The substance that does the dissolving is called the solvent.

5. Concentration and Solubility
The substance that dissolves is called the solute.
The substance that does the dissolving is called the solvent.
For example: when salt is dissolved in water, the salt is the solute and the water is the solvent.

6. Concentration and Solubility
The substance that dissolves is called the solute.
The substance that does the dissolving is called the solvent.
For example: when salt is dissolved in water, the salt is the solute and the water is the solvent.
What would be the solute and solvent in iced tea?

7. Measuring Concentration
If a solution has a lot of solute we say it is concentrated.
If a solution has less solute we say it is diluted.
Scientifically the concentration of a solution tells you the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent.
For example, a solution with 50g of solute dissolved in 100mL or water has a concentration of 50g/100mL of water.

8. Comparing Concentrations
Demo.

9. Comparing Concentration
A: g in 50 mL
B: g in 100 mL
C: g in 10 mL

10. Comparing Concentration
Concentration Worksheet!

11. Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions
You can make a very diluted solution by adding a small amount of juice crystals to water. If you add more juice crystals, the solution becomes more concentrated.
As long as the juice crystals keep dissolving, you have an unsaturated solution.
UNSATURATED SOLUTION: more solute can dissolve

12. Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions
If you keep adding juice crystals until no more would dissolve would make a saturated solution.
SATURATED SOLUTION: no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature.

13. Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions
UNSATURATED || SATURATED
SOLUBILITY is the maximum amount of solute you can add to a fixed volume of solvent at a given temperature.
Every solution has a SATURATION POINT at a given temperature. This occurs when no more solute can be dissolved in a fixed volume of solvent at that temperature.

14. Solubility
The solubility of a solute is the maximum amount of that solute that you can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature.
Different solutes have different solubilities.

15. Factors Affecting Solubility
Type of solute and solvent
Most common solvent is water. AQUEOUS SOLUTION

16. Factors Affecting Solubility
Temperature
For most common solid or liquid substances, solubility increases as the temperature of the solvent increases.
For example, 25°C = g of salt in 100mL of water
100°C = g of salt in 100mL of water
Gases are opposite! As the temperature increases, the solubility of a gas in a liquid solvent decreases.