IFISE Project Second Meeting Milan, 1st and 2nd February 2001 Presentation based on ITALIAN LITERATURE SURVEY POTENTIAL ENTREPRENEURS’ CONCENTRATIONS Patrizia Gattoni UNIVERSITÀ di PAVIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS ITALY IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT THE ITALIAN INNOVATION SYSTEM HIGH-TECH SECTORS IN ITALY METHODOLOGY MAIN RESULTS MAPS FINAL SCHEME PROPOSED SECTORS AND AREAS

Creation of new knowledge Source:EUROSTAT, R&D statistics, OECD (1998). Data of 1998 for DK, D, F, I, FIN, UK, US, JP and of 1997 for all other countries, with except of Austria for which the most recent data is of High (Over 20% of EU mean) Average Low (Below 20% of EU mean) Italy

High (Over 20% of EU mean) Average Low (Below 20% of EU mean) Italy Creation of new knowledge Source:EUROSTAT, R&D statistics, OECD (1998). No data available for Luxembourg. Data of 1998 for DK, D, F, I, FIN, UK, US, JP and of 1997 for all other countries, with except of Austria for which the most recent data is of 1993.

High (Over 20% of EU mean) Average Low (Below 20% of EU mean) Italy Transmission and application of new knowledge Source:EUROSTAT, Community Innovation Survey ( ). No data are available for Greece, Luxembourg, the US and Japan.

High (Over 20% of EU mean) Average Low (Below 20% of EU mean) Italy Transmission and application of new knowledge Source:EUROSTAT, Community Innovation Survey ( ). No data are available for Luxembourg, Spain, the US and Japan.

High (Over 20% of EU mean) Average Low (Below 20% of EU mean) Italy Transmission and application of new knowledge Source:EUROSTAT, Community Innovation Survey ( ). No data are available for Greece, the US and Japan.

High (Over 20% of EU mean) Average Low (Below 20% of EU mean) Italy Creation of new knowledge Source:EUROSTAT, R&D statistics, based on EPO data (1998).

High (Over 20% of EU mean) Average Low (Below 20% of EU mean) Italy Human resources Source:EUROSTAT, R&D statistics, based on Labour Force Survey data (1998). Data for the US and Japan are not available.

ITALIAN INNOVATION SYSTEM 2 Subsystems: high-tech system: Large population of SMEs operating in traditional sectors, mechanics and equipment supplier industries. Innovation is incremental and originates from informal learning by doing, by using, by interacting. small firms system: Few small firms, a low number of oligopolistic players. R&D expenses are low (both on firm basis and as % of GDP). The national demand is not innovative. Networking mechanisms among firms, university, research centres are still not well developed.

COMMUNITY INNOVATION SURVEY The most important technological sources are perceived to be innovation related investments and R&D expenses. Technological change is mostly incremental. Large firms in manufacturing industry show higher % of innovative firms and better performace with regard to innovation intensity. The sectors with higher % of innovative firms are the ones with high-tech opportunities: CIS 1 ( ) CIS 2 ( ) office machines64.6%67.6% consumption electronics (ICT) 59.8%59.2% precision and optical instruments 50.3%63% machinery 48.9%62.7% chemicals 48.1%61.8% The most relevant barriers are related to financial factors.

PERCENTAGE OF PRODUCTION UNITS PER HIGH-TECH SECTOR Total 19,266, 3.3% of total production units in manufacturing Istat, census, 1996 Source: University of Pavia, elaboration on ISTAT data.

PERCENTAGE OF EMPLOYEES PER HIGH-TECH SECTOR Total , 7.5% of total employees in manufacturing Istat, census, 1996 Source: University of Pavia, elaboration on ISTAT data.

METHODOLOGY OBJECTIVE: identification of inventors’ concentrations in high-tech sectors HIGH-TECH SECTORS CLASSIFICATION: ENEA-CESPRI-Politecnico di Milano SOURCE OF DATA: EPO Espace Bulletin GEOGRAPHIC DIMENSION: Local Labour System SELECTED INFORMATION: Sector - Name - Address - LLS - #Patents Years

PERCENTAGE OF INVENTORS PER HIGH-TECH SECTOR years Total 3,807 Source: University of Pavia, elaboration on EPO data.

PERCENTAGE OF PATENTS PER HIGH-TECH SECTOR years Total 2,621 Source: University of Pavia, elaboration on EPO data.

Number of inventors Total inventors in pharmaceuticals (years ): 705 Inventors in pharmaceuticals per Local Labour System Number of patents Total patents in pharmaceuticals (years ): 335 Patents in pharmaceuticals per Local Labour System PHARMACEUTICALS

Number of inventors Total inventors in consumption electronics (years ): 573 Inventors in consumption electronics per Local Labour System Number of patents Total patents in consumption electronics (years ): 371 Patents in consumption electronics per Local Labour System CONSUMPTION ELECTRONICS

Number of inventors Total inventors in precision instruments (years ): 557 Inventors in precision instruments per Local Labour System Number of patents Total patents in precision instruments (years ): 349 Patents in precision instruments per Local Labour System PRECISION INSTRUMENTS

Number of inventors Total inventors in electronic components (years ): 349 Inventors in electronic components per Local Labour System Number of patents Total patents in electronic components (years ): 307 Patents in electronic components per Local Labour System ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

Number of inventors o Total inventors in electro-medical apparatus (years ): 176 Inventors in electro-medical apparatus per Local Labour System Number of patents Total patents in electro-medical apparatus (years ): 123 Patents in electro-medical apparatus per Local Labour System ELECTRO-MEDICAL APPARATUS

PROPOSED SECTORS and AREAS for the FIELD SURVEY PHARMACEUTICALSMILANO ELECTRONIC COMPONENTSCATANIA ELECTRO-MEDICAL APPARATUSBOLOGNA