Alleghany Orogeny Birth of Pangea. Alleghany Orogeny Final event in the assembly of Pangea Iapetus Ocean is completely closed Gondwana collides with Laurentia.

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Presentation transcript:

Alleghany Orogeny Birth of Pangea

Alleghany Orogeny Final event in the assembly of Pangea Iapetus Ocean is completely closed Gondwana collides with Laurentia –Western Africa collides with Eastern North America Largest orogenic event in southern Appalachians

Structural Effects: tilting/folding

Structural and Stratigraphic Effects: Folded Molasse

Structural Effects: folding

Stratigraphic Effects: angular unconformity and molasse

Relief and included fragments along unconformity

Molasse with a difference: coal

Coal Breaker

Coal end use

Coal to electricity

Effects of coal use: abandoned strip mines, mine spoil and acidity

Sheridan Banks: mine spoil

Sediment loading and AMD

AMD: acid mine drainage

AMD and ‘red boy’

AMD from the subsurface

Appalachians and Appalachian Basin

Appalachian Provinces