1. Proterozoic Making the Modern World

2. 2500-543 Myrs 2500 Myr 1600 Myr 1000 Myr

3. Precambrian

4. Rocks of the Proterozoic & the Stories They Tell

5. Anatomy of a Continent Orogenic (Mobile) Belt Basement Rock

6. Precambrian Cratons: Shields and Platforms

7. Cratons Shields And Platforms

8. Canadian Shield

9. Orogenic (Mobile) Belts

10. Orogenies = Mountian Building Events Caused by: 1. Collision - Fold and Thrust Mountains

11. Orogenies = Mountian Building Events Caused by: 2. Subduction - Volcanic (Arc) Mountains

12. Provinces of the NA Craton A.K.A. “The United Plates of America” Archean Basement Proterozoic Basement Orogenic (Mobile) Belts

13. Continental Growth Proterozoic

14. Radioactive Heat Flow Proterozoic

15. Grenville Orogony (The building of Rodinia) Archean Basement Proterozoic Basement Orogenic Belts

16. Rocks of the Grenville Orogeny 1.2-1.0 Gyrs

17. Rodinia “Motherland” Forms 1.2-1.0 Grs Montana New York

18. Belt Supergroup, Montana West Coast of Laurasia

19. Mid Continental Rift (1.3-1.0 Gyr)

20. Origin of a Failed Rift

21. Continental Rift

22. Keweenawan Supergroup, MI Mesoproterozoic Rift Rocks

23. Rodinia Rifts (750 Myrs) Montana New York Rifts to form the (pre-Pacific) Panthalassa Ocean Rifts to form the (pre-Atlantic) Iapetus Ocean

24. Rifting of Rodinia

25. Gondwana & Laurentia About 500 Myr

26. Wilson Cycle

27. Atmospheric Changes Oxygen Increases: Carbon Dioxide Decreases Proterozoic Thanks to…

28. BIF’s (3.5-1.8 Gyrs) Banded Iron Formation 92% Between 2.5-2.0 Gyrs

29. Iron Source: Hydrothermal Vents

30. Carol Lake Iron Mine, Canada

31. Red Beds <1.8 Gyrs After iron in the ocean was used up, it started to accumulate in the atmosphere.

32. Oxygen Buildup occurs at the Same Time as First Eukaryotes Appear

33. Atmospheric Changes: UV Protection

34. Reduced Amounts of Carbon Dioxide Made it Possible for…

35. Paleoproterozoic (2.2 Gyr) Gowganda Fm, Canada Tillite Varves The First Ice Age

36. Major “Ice Ages” in Earth History 1 2 3 4 5

37. Glacial Evidence from Neoproterozoic Rock for Varangian Ice Age

38. Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth

39. Carbon Storage

40. Where Did All the Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Go?

41. The Carbon Thermostat

42. Neoproterozoic (Varangian) Ice Age (800-600 Myr) Tillite Carbonates & Ironstones

44. Snowball Earth

45. 12 C Signature in Snowball Deposits

46. Carbon Isotopes & Snowball Earth

47. Why Banded Iron Formations?

48. Ice Age Ends at the Same Time the First Multi- Celled Animals Appear Coincidence or not?