ALTERNATIVE SPLICING OF mRNA. MECHANISMS ROLE IN GENE EXPRESION CONSEQUENCES by Michał Mlącki.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Unit #3 Schedule: Last Class: – Sanger Sequencing – Central Dogma Overview – Mutation Today: – Homework 5 – StudyNotes 8a Due – Transcription, RNA Processing,

Advertisements

Lecture 4: DNA transcription

Chapter 13: RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Chapter 17 AP Biology From Gene to Protein.

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Figure 7.1 E. coli RNA polymerase. Figure 7.2 Sequences of E. coli promoters.

 ribose  Adenine  Uracil  Adenine  Single.

Introns and Exons Introns--Untranslated intervening sequences in mRNA Introns--Untranslated intervening sequences in mRNA Exons– Translated sequences Exons–

Anum kamal(BB ) Umm-e-Habiba(BB ). Gene splicing “Gene splicing is the removal of introns from the primary trascript of a discontinuous gene.

Gene Structure and Function

Molecular Biology. I. History:Ground breaking discoveries T.H. Morgan Griffith, Avery and McCleod Hershey and Chase Watson and Crick (refer to your article.

Post-transcriptional Processing. Processing Events in Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes.

RNA PROCESSING AND RNPs. RNA Processing  Very few RNA molecules are transcribed directly into the final mature RNA.  Most newly transcribed RNA molecules.

VII RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA Structure and Transcription Mrs. MacWilliams Academic Biology.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Chapter 10 Transcription RNA processing Translation Jones and Bartlett Publishers © 2005.

AP Biology From Gene to Protein How Genes Work.

Figure 17.0 Ribosome. Figure 17.1 Beadle and Tatum’s evidence for the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis.

DNA to Protein – 12 Part one AP Biology. What is a Gene? A gene is a sequence of DNA that contains the information or the code for a protein or an RNA.

Gene expression DNA  RNA  Protein DNA RNA Protein Replication Transcription Translation Degradation Initiation Elongation Processing Export Initiation.

Review of Protein Synthesis. Fig TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA mRNA Ribosome Polypeptide (a) Bacterial cell Nuclear envelope TRANSCRIPTION RNA PROCESSING.

LECTURE CONNECTIONS 14 | RNA Molecules and RNA Processing © 2009 W. H. Freeman and Company.

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Transcription Packet #10 Chapter #8.

Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein.

Transcription and mRNA Modification

Chapter 17 – From Gene to Protein 1909 – Garrod : First to suggest that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical processes.

Complexities of Gene Expression Cells have regulated, complex systems –Not all genes are expressed in every cell –Many genes are not expressed all of.

Eukaryotic mRNA processing

Post-transcriptional RNA Modifications Gene Expression Part 2.

Post-transcriptional regulation

The Genetic Code and Transcription Chapter 12 Honors Genetics Ms. Susan Chabot.

Central Dogma How all cells express genetic information.

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Functions of RNA mRNA (messenger)- instructions protein

RNA and Gene Expression BIO 224 Intro to Molecular and Cell Biology.

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA  RNA  Protein  Trait.

Colinearity of Gene and Protein

TRANSCRIPTION (DNA → mRNA). Fig. 17-7a-2 Promoter Transcription unit DNA Start point RNA polymerase Initiation RNA transcript 5 5 Unwound.

The Ribosome –Is part of the cellular machinery for translation, polypeptide synthesis Figure 17.1.

Biotechnology is a field of applied biology and biochemistry, that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine.

Molecular Basis for Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype DNA RNA protein genotype function organism phenotype DNA sequence amino acid sequence transcription.

Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 5)

Protein Synthesis. One Gene – One Enzyme Protein Synthesis.

Transcription Turning DNA into RNA. Promoter Region Promoter sites: locations on DNA just before the gene Transcription factors (proteins) bind at promoter.

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Biochemistry Free For All

Fig Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

The Ribosome Is part of the cellular machinery for translation, polypeptide synthesis Figure 17.1.

ALTERNATIVE SPLICING OF mRNA.

Chapter 8: Transcription and RNA processing

Post-transcriptional RNA Modifications

Posttranscriptional Modifications of RNA

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Exam #1 W 9/26 at 7-8:30pm in UTC 2.102A Review T 9/25 at 5pm in WRW 102 and in class 9/26.

Protein Synthesis Genetics.

Dr. Peter John M.Phil, PhD Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB) National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)

Concept 17.3: Eukaryotic cells modify RNA after transcription

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Chapter 8: RNA General structure of RNA

CHAPTER 17 FROM GENE TO PROTEIN.

(and some other important stuff)

Gene Structure.

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Gene Structure.

Presentation transcript:

ALTERNATIVE SPLICING OF mRNA. MECHANISMS ROLE IN GENE EXPRESION CONSEQUENCES by Michał Mlącki

PLAN OF THE PRESENTATION: ANATOMY OF THE EUCARIOTIC GENE; THE PROCESS OF TRANSCRIPTION; EVENTS AFTER TRANSCRIPTION (CAPPING, SPLICING, POLIADENYLATION); ALTERNATIVE SPLICING (MECHANISMS AND CONSEQUENCES OF PATTERN CHANGING)

GENE

TYPES OF RNA POLYMERASES: POL I – 5,8S, 18S, 28S rRNA GENES; POL II – ALL GENES ENCODING PROTEINS snoRNA GENES; POL III – tRNA GENES 5S rRNA GENES SOME snRNA GENES AND OTHER SMALL RNA GENES.

CAPPING… POLYADENYLATION… EDITING...

SPLICING

T. A. Brown – „Genomes”

PRE-mRNA (1) T. A. Brown – „Genomes”

PRE-mRNA (2) Andrew P. Read – „Human Molecular Genetics”

TYPES OF INTRONS ‘GU – AG’ INTRONS; ‘AU – AC’ INTRONS;

HOW THE SPLICING STARTS? Andrew P. Read – „Human Molecular Genetics”

CO-TRANSCRIPTIONAL EVENTS... „GenesVIII” B. Lewin „The mRNA assembly line: transcription and processing mechines in the same factory” D. Bentley COCB 2002,14:

„RNA processing and human disease” A.V.Philips, T.A. Cooper CMLS 57 (2000)

snRNP „Pre-mRNA splicing in the new millenium” M.L. Hastings, A.R. Krainer COCB :

Lubert Stryer – „Biochemistry”

„mRNA FACTORY” „GenesVIII” B. Lewin

„Mechanisms of fidelity in pre-mRNA splicing” Robin Reed Current Opinion in Cell Biology 2000, 12:

„The mRNA assembly line: transcription and processing mechines in the same factory” D. Bentley COCB 2002,14:

5’3’5’3’ ?

CONSTITUTIVE AND ALTERNATIVE T. A. Brown – „Genomes”

MECHANISM(S)? „ONE EXON = ONE PROTAIN DOMAIN” RULE

WHY? ONE EXON = ONE DOMAIN (EXCHANGES OF THESE DOMAINS BETWEEN PROTEINS IN THE EVOLUTION)

CONSEQUENCES (1) (GOOD SIDE) DIFFRENT PATTERN OF SPICING: IN DIFFRENT TISSUES; IN DIFFRENT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT; SOME OTHER (e.g. : SEX DETERMINATION IN DROSOPHILA)

CONSEQUENCES (2) (BAD SIDE) MUTATIONS IN SEQUENCES INVOLVED IN REMOVING OF INTRONS MAY CAUSE UNPHYSIOLOGICAL SPLICING AND THEREFORE DISEASES MAINLY NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES (MYOTROIC DYSTROPHY,SPIRAL MUSCULAR ATROPY ETC.)

QUESTIONS FOR THE FUTUR: WHY THE ALTERNATIVE SPLICING SOMETIMES IS PHISIOLOGICAL AND SOMETIMES CAUSES DISEASES? HOW TO FIGHT THEM? HOW CAN WE USE THIS PROCESS IN GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL MANIPULATIONS?

THANK YOU FOR NOT SNORING...VERY LOUDLY