政治學 潘兆民 東海大學 通識教育中心暨大陸研究學程 副教授

第四章 政治文化 一、定義： L. W. Pye describes it as "the sum of the fundamental values, sentiments and knowledge that give form and substance to political process". 政治 信仰 形成 組合 政治過程 文化 制度 體 政治系統 情操 信仰 政治社會一般人 價值 系統 表達 符號

Political culture can be defined as “The orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics, and their perceptions of political legitimacy and the traditions of political practice. "And the feelings expressed by individuals in the position of the elected offices that allow for the nurture of a political society.

It is a distinctive and patterned form of political philosophy that consists of beliefs on how governmental, political, and economic life should be carried out. Political cultures create a framework for political change and are unique to nations, states, and other groups. political philosophy governmental political economic nationsstates

A political culture differs from political ideology in that people can disagree on an ideology (what government should do) but still share a common political culture.political ideology Some ideologies, however, are so critical of the status quo that they require a fundamental change in the way government is operated, and therefore embody a different political culture as well.status quo

二、要素 ( 元素、特質 ) 經驗信念 價值偏好 情感反應

三．政治文化如何形成 １．政治社會化 ２．個人的生活經驗 ３． 歷史經驗 ４．政府作為

四、內容 (1) A. Ranney 愛國心 → 國家認同 感 制度信任 他人信任 政治效能感 公民義務感

政黨輪替之後，政務官與事務官間的信任 「新政府用舊官僚，像請鬼拿藥單。」 - 民進黨前秘書長吳乃仁 ( ) 「不聽取專家的專案堅持會失去民心， 而說出『舊官僚』這種話的人， 是最沒有政治智慧的人。」 - 經建會副主委李高朝 ( )

五．政治文化的類型： (1) 對政治系統的認知分類： Almond & Verba ※「 0 」 → 公民取向弱或對目標漠不關心 「 1 」 → 對政治目標 → 強烈取向 類型 \ 變項政治系統輸入輸出自我期許 偏狹 ( 原始、 地方 ) 0000 從屬 ( 臣 屬 ) 1010 參與 1111

Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba outlined three pure types of political culture:Gabriel AlmondSidney Verba Parochial - Where citizens are only remotely aware of the presence of central government, and live their lives near enough regardless of the decisions taken by the state. Subject - Where citizens are aware of central government, and are heavily subjected its decisions with little scope for dissent. Participant - Citizens are able to influence the government in various ways and they are affected by it. These three 'pure' types of political culture can combine to create the 'civic culture', which mixes the best elements of each.[[

– 參與型政治文化（ participant political culture ） – 臣屬型政治文化（ subject political culture ） – 偏狹型政治文化（ parochial political culture ）：