Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC On the intercontinental transport of Pollutants; Modeling Studies Adel Hanna, Rohit Mathur, Aijun Xiu, Kiran Alapaty, Uma Shankar, and Zac Adelman MCNC-Environmental Modeling Center P.O. Box Research Triangle Park, NC USA

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC 2 Outline l Flux of Pollutants l Integrated Modeling Approach l Intercontinental Transport l Model Evaluation and Remote Sensing Data

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC 3 1- Flux of Pollutants Characterization of Synoptic Patterns l Southwest flow at the surface ahead of a cold front approaching the Northeastern US. (e.g., June 7-8 and 10-11, 1995) l A surface high pressure extending over the middle Atlantic and Northeastern US. An OMEGA pattern at 500 mb. Re-circulation over the Southeastern US (e.g. June , 1995) l A surface low pressure over central US June and OMEGA pattern at 500 mb (e.g. June 26 – 27, 1995) l Large-scale circulation with surface high pressure and 500 mb high pressure (e.g., July 14 and 15, 1995)

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC 4 Surface and 500 mb Meteorology June 7, 1995 June 8, 1995

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC 5 O3 Daily Average Flux (June 7 & 8) July 7, 1995 July 8, 1995

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC 6 Vertical Cross-Section of Zonal Flux- O3 (June 7 &8)

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC 7

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC 8 Vertical Distribution of Daily Average Eastward O 3 Flux for June-July, 1995

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC 9 Export of O 3 Pollution from Eastern United States l Other Studies – 1.1 Gmol/day [Parrish et al., 1993] ; measurements – 1.6 Gmol/day [Jacob et al., 1993]; global model – 3.2 Gmol/day [Banic et al., 1996]; measurements

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC Online Integrated Meteorology Atmospheric Chemistry Calculations Atmospheric Aerosol Loading: Radiative Effects

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC Intercontinental Transport MAQSIP Pacific Simulations: April 15-30, 1998 l Period characterized by two intense dust storms on April 15 th and 19 th l NASA TOMS Aerosol Index shows large-scale signatures of dust coverage over the Pacific on April 21, 1998 l Time period provides an opportunity to examine and study – Transport characteristics of outflow – Effects of superposition of emissions from different regions on pollutant distribution – Long range transport impacts on chemical composition over the Pacific

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC 12 Transport and Chemical Evolution of Sulfate at 850 mb April 20, 1998 April 21, 1998 April 22, 1998 Daily Average

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC 13 Transport and Chemical Evolution of Ozone at 850 mb April 21, 1998 April 22, 1998 April 23, 1998 Daily Average

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC 14 Six Day Back Trajectories

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC Model Evaluation and Remote Sensing Data Observed and Simulated CO

Environmental Modeling Center ______________________________________________ Climate Change and Air Quality Workshop MCNC 16 Charge Questions l How to obtain reliable emissions which are missing from major urban areas in many countries out side North America and Europe? l How to reconcile the differences between global, regional, and field measurements estimates of pollution export ? l The indirect effects of aerosols and the microphysics of clouds are crudely parameterized in regional air quality models