1. Breakout Session 1 Air Quality Jack Fishman, Randy Kawa August 18

2. Charge Articulate mission science questions and science objectives Define observations/measurements (i.e., what needs to be measured) for these objectives Begin to define measurement requirements for observations needed Begin to outline potential synergies between different disciplines

3. Science Question Addressed What are the effects of gaseous and particulate emissions and climate variability and change on global atmospheric composition, and how will future changes in atmospheric composition affect ozone, climate and regional/global air quality?

4. Mission Science Questions / Objectives What are the diurnal emission patterns of the precursor chemicals for tropospheric ozone & aerosols Quantify spatial and temporal emission of ozone and aerosol precursors What is the process of diurnal evolution of ozone and aerosol through chemical formation and loss, transport, and deposition? Measure distributions of ozone and aerosol, and precursors at high spatial and temporal resolution over the US and surrounding regions What are the influence of weather in transforming and dispersing emissions, ozone, and aerosol? Track transport of aerosol and gasses into, across, and out of NA; including large episodic releases from environmental disasters, e.g., fires, volcanoes What are the local, regional, and global influences on air quality pollutants (e.g., CO O 3, NO 2, SO 2, and aerosol) over North America? Characterize regional air quality for model evaluation, assessment, and forecasting at concurrent space time resolution on hourly and multi scale

5. Additional Science Questions How does air quality impact human health and crop productivity? Need link to global and intercontinental transport from dust plumes and ozone GEO measurements need to be combined w/ complimentary LEO missions Increased capability for PM mapping in geostationary orbit Interested in biomass burning plume heights, aerosol impact on clouds (NCEP) What are processes and variability effecting regional emission of gases and aerosols relevant to global climate forcing What are the relative contributions of local, regional, and global transport?

6. Discussion Points Need to resolve Decadal Survey point for measurements over both North & South America, in response to transport issues –What is inter-hemispheric variability? –Climate interactions on hemispheric scale information for climate information and for background exposure Complimentary missions: GOME-2, OMPS, AVI, IASI, VIIRS, GOES-R. Sentinels 4, 5

7. Discussion Points Ozone and aerosol precursor parameters: –(NOx, CO, VOC, SO 2, ammonia*, particle emissions *Desirement: California air resources board would like ammonia (not driving requirement) What are the relative contributions of local, regional, and global transport? Integrated monitoring system: GEO fills in the temporal gaps, LEO augments global spatial sampling Limited vertical resolution still provides ozone –VIIR and IR does not provide lowest layer

8. EPA perspective What are the exposures of animals and plants to pollutant events? Attribution: separation between natural and anthropogenic emissions; transport, where are emissions coming from? –Solved from air transport models How do direct observations contribute to data assimilation systems Need short time scale (< 1 day) and high spatial resolution in order to provide local short term 24-48 hour forecasts Multi-scale resolution: GEO-CAPE provides concurrent space/time measurements on variable scales to match model scales –Improves risk assessment community –Air quality perspective interested in biomass emissions and long range transport; atmos models global scales Enable EPA to better model areas w/o direct local measurements –How do energy policies affect emission trends? –What does the EPA need to make predictions? (hourly –Need question to address Health affects and visibility from PM

9. Science Trade Studies Conduct trades between temporal and spatial resolution to trade time vs. precision Define tropospheric ozone measurement requirements and instrument implications –Vertical resolution needs to be better defined –Constrain the models to understand nocturnal boundary layer and transport and nighttime characterization –Conduct trades w/ various combinations of instruments (IR How to handle cloud cover? –Sensitivity analysis of various instrument measurements –Further studies to define weighting fn for the lowest layer –OSSE solution to understand complexity and cost of this requirement Study various observing strategies of N. America, S. America, Coastal scenarios Mission study: cost of individual missions vs. combined, separate payloads vs. combined payloads, commercial payloads