1. NASA/GTE MISSIONS, 1983-2001

2. TRAnsport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) A two-aircraft GTE mission over the western Pacific in February-April 2001 MISSION OBJECTIVES to determine the chemical composition of the Asian outflow over the western Pacific in spring in order to understand and quantify the export of chemically and radiatively important gases and aerosols, and their precursors, from the Asian continent. to determine the chemical evolution of the Asian outflow over the western Pacific in spring and to understand the ensemble of processes that control this evolution.

3. CHINESE EMISSIONS ARE GROWING – OR ARE THEY ?? Latest report from China to Energy Information Administration claims a decrease of CO 2 emissions after 1997! Verification of emission estimates through atmospheric observations is critical for development of international environmental policy

4. QUANTIFYING CHEMICAL EXPORT FLUXES FROM LARGE GEOPOLITICAL SOURCE REGIONS 3-D CHEMICAL TRACER MODELS EXPORT FLUXES SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS Global and continuous but few species, low resolution AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS High resolution, targeted flights provide critical snapshots for model testing SURFACE OBSERVATIONS high resolution but spatially limited Source/sink inventories Assimilated meteorological data Chemical and aerosol processes This concept found its first application in TRACE-P

5. TRACE-P EXECUTION Emissions -Fossil fuel -Biomass burning -Biosphere, dust Long-range transport from Europe, N. America, Africa ASIA PACIFIC P-3 Satellite data in near-real time: MOPITT TOMS SEAWIFS AVHRR LIS DC-8 3D chemical model forecasts: - ECHAM - GEOS-CHEM - Iowa/Kyushu - Meso-NH -LaRC/U. Wisconsin FLIGHT PLANNING Boundary layer chemical/aerosol processing ASIAN OUTFLOW Stratospheric intrusions PACIFIC

6. INTEGRATION OF SATELLITE DATA AND CTMs INTO TRACE-P PLANNING AND EXECUTION PRE-MISSION EMISSION INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT: provide the best a priori information for mission planning. PRE-MISSION WORKSHOP (coordinated with ACE-Asia): use analyses of satellite data, 3D CTMs for spring 1994 and 2000 to identify major outflow patterns and develop menu of flights. SUPPORT DURING MISSION EXECUTION: use near-real- time satellite data and CTM forecasts (in addition to meteorological forecasts) for day-to-day flight planning

7. CO emissions (fossil and biofuel) CO Emissions (Fossil & Biofuel) Source: D. Streets, Argonne National Lab EMISSION INVENTORIES PREPARED FOR TRACE-P PERIOD PROVIDED A PRIORI INFORMATION FOR CHEMICAL FORECASTS

8. March 4 March 7 March 13 Near-real-time AVHRR fire count data were critical for TRACE-P flight planning Source: G.R. Carmichael, U. Iowa

9. TRACE-P DC-8 PAYLOAD Emphasis: high altitude outflow, large-scale mapping, photochemistry

10. TRACE-P P-3 PAYLOAD Emphasis: low altitude outflow, sulfur/aerosols, fluxes to ocean

11. NASA Aircraft Flight Tracks During the TRACE-P Mission

12. Flight Tracks Along the Asian Pacific Rim During the TRACE-P Mission

13. INTERCOMPARISON FLIGHTS BETWEEN THE NASA DC-8 AND P-3B Sampling runs were conducted on 3 occasions (Guam, Japan, and Hawaii) resulting in a total of 2.5 hours of proximity flight. Level flight legs were conducted at 0.5, 1, 10, and 18 Kft. Soundings were conducted between 0.5-10Kft and 10-18 Kft.

14. AOD-Dust Forecast with CFORS: for 3-21-01:: Seawifs (AOD); vis; TOMS AI DC-8 Flight track G.R.Carmichael, U. Iowa

15. TOMS observations of absorbing aerosols (March 8, 2001) Biomass burning plume Biomass burning Dust plume K.E. Pickering A.M. Thompson NASA/GSFC

16. K.E. Pickering, U. Maryland; A.M. Thompson, NASA/GSFC TOMS aerosol forecast for March 10

17. TRACE-P COORDINATION WITH ACE-ASIA Two joint Asian outflow chemical characterization flights between the TRACE-P P-3 and the ACE-Asia C-130 out of Japan including a Terra underpass on each flight. One DIAL overpass of the ACE-Asia Twin Otter by the TRACE-P DC-8 during a column radiation closure experiment over the Sea of Japan

18. DID TRACE-P MEET ITS MISSION OBJECTIVES? Sample different patterns of Asian outflow in a way that enables quantitative test of 3-D CTMs for a very large range of radiatively and chemically important gases and aerosols Characterize chemical aging of Asian outflow over western Pacific Provide validation data for MOPITT relevant to TRACE-P objectives