Toward Collaboration Between Information Seeking and Information Retrieval Carol Kuhlthau Professor II School of Communication, Information and Library Studies Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey

Field of Library and Information Science Librarianship – cultural, social and educational; collection development, organization and dissemination User studies – insight into user’s perspective in variety of contexts Information retrieval and information systems – innovation of information technology

Four Imperatives for Collaboration  Stay with a problem  Apply conceptual framework of LIS  Develop collaborative research projects  Design application for implementation

Stay with a problem …  to verify findings  to test in variety of contexts  to develop concepts

Apply conceptual framework of LIS Examples of Fertile Concepts  Sensemaking  Relevance  Uncertainty  ASK  IUE  EDIB

Two Concepts I have used-  Task Complexity  Information Goals

Develop collaborative research projects Research that incorporates more than one area Vakkari – collaboration of IS and IR CISSL Rutgers Center for International Scholarship in School Libraries - Study of Impact of school libraries on student learning

Design application for implementation Some useful concepts for improving systems and services Browsing – Chang Berrypicking – Bates Chaining – Ellis Monitoring – Choo Research styles – Heinstrom Finding without seeking – Ross; Erdelez

Zone of Intervention That area in which an information user can do with advice and assistance what he or she cannot do alone or can do only with great difficulty.

Model of the Information Search Process Tasks Initiation Selection Exploration Formulation Collection Presentation Feelings uncertainly optimism confusion/ clarity sense of satisfaction or (affective) frustration/ direction/ disappointment doubt confidence Thoughts vague focused (cognitive) increased interest Actions seeking relevant information seeking pertinent information (physical) exploring documenting

Application for implementation  Task oriented systems  ‘Just for me’ approach to design  Guided Inquiry – preparing the next generation of users

Four Imperatives for Collaboration  Stay with a problem to develop concepts  Apply conceptual framework of LIS  Develop collaborative research projects  Design application for implementation in system design