Jackson vs. the Second Bank of the United States

Reasons For Opposition to the Bank felt that coin was the only safe currency. felt that coin was the only safe currency. didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. suspicious of expansion & speculation. suspicious of expansion & speculation. intense dislike for Director Nicholas Biddle intense dislike for Director Nicholas Biddle state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely.

Jackson Destroys the BUS 1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd Bank of the United States  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd Bank of the United States. Government money put in “pet banks”; state banks run by Jackson supporters Government money put in “pet banks”; state banks run by Jackson supporters 1836  the charter expired  the charter expired.

The “Monster” Is Destroyed!

Results of the Jackson’s Actions Economy begins to decline; results in the “Panic of 1837” Jackson censured by the Senate for his handling of government money Banking instability for the rest of the 19 th century The “Species Circular”

The Specie Circular (1836) Designed to restrain “wildcat banks.” Can buy future federal land only with gold or silver. Jackson’s goal: prevent paper currency issue by wildcat banks

Results of the Specie Circular $Banknotes lose their value. $Land sales plummeted. $Credit not available. $Businesses began to fail. $Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837! The Panic of 1837!

1832 Election Clay vs. Jackson Rise of third parties: the Anti-Masonic Party Innovations: the platform the convention method of nominating candidates William Wirt

1832 Election Results Main Issues: Tariff and “King Andrew”

An 1832 Cartoon “King Andrew” An 1832 Cartoon “King Andrew”

Jackson’s Attitude Toward the Indians “Protector and Defender” of the Indians Moving Indians for “their own safety”

Jackson vs. the Indians Jackson’s policy: removal to Indian Territory (Oklahoma); land necessary for white expansion 1830  Indian Removal Act 1830  Indian Removal Act Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) “domestic dependent nation” Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) “domestic dependent nation” Worcester v. GA (1832) Worcester v. GA (1832) Jackson: John Marshall has Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, made his decision, now let him enforce it! now let him enforce it!

The Cherokee Nation After 1820

Indian Removal

The Trail of Tears

TEXAS! Mexican ownership of the area; allows entrepreneurs like Stephen F. Austin to settle Texas

TEXAS! Causes of the Texas Revolution: Santa Anna begins enforcement of Mexican laws Secret support from pro-slavery factions Secret support from Jackson i.e. $$$, weapons and Sam Houston Illegal immigration from the United States

March 2, 1836: The Texas Declaration of Independence

Texas Declaration of Independence

The Alamo

The Battle of the Alamo

Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

Remember the Alamo! ( Don’t forget to visit the gift shop!)

San Jacinto April 21 st, 1836 Santa Anna surrenders wearing uniform of a private Reneges on promises upon return to Mexico Jackson threatens retaliation if TX is invaded

The Republic of Texas

The Formation of the Whigs The Whigs ( ) Made up of: Northern industrialists Southern planters nationalists evangelicals #1 factor: opposed to Jackson

The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death)

Martin Van Buren and the Panic of 1837 Causes of the Panic: Destruction of the BUS Collapse of the “wildcat” banks Farm foreclosures Van Buren blamed for the Panic

The 1840 Election Van Buren (D) vs. Harrison (W) Harrison made to look like poor Western farmer and war hero “Log Cabins and Hard Cider” “Tippecanoe and Tyler, too!”

19 th Century Reform What changes in American society took place in the early 19 th century that made it a time of reform? Explain the origins and results of three 19 th century reform movements. You may work with a partner.