導論部分 之 二 3. 指出問題 4. 研究目的及活動 5. 研究之理論和應用價值 6. 論文組織結構

3. 指出問題 主要用來表達以下四種問題 1. 領域中，之前處理不夠完善或尚未研究的 題目。 2. 過去研究所衍生的新問題。 3. 兩個曾不相容或是沒有被一併討論過的研 究。 4. 過去研究可擴展的新領域，或者可再加以 改善或延伸到新的應用。

In most studies the traffic has been applied across the entire experimental area. In some of the studies, on the other hand, traffic was applied especially after secondary soil tillage and pre- planting inter-row, intra-row and in entire plot area, and the effects compaction was observed. However, during especially pre-planting herbicide application tractor wheel creates additional compaction by pressing on intra-row or inter-row areas. Effects of this extra compaction happened after tillage but before planting operation have not been studied yet.

指出問題 的寫作重點 1. 正確使用時態。 2. 正確使用單複數形式。 3. 步驟 2, 3 時常會穿插呈現。

常見句型 轉折副詞指出過去研究的不足研究主題 However,few studies have been done on little research has been devoted to there is no work has been investigated the supercritical fluid extraction of oil from herbaceous substrates. 連接詞主題一的研究程度主題二的研究程度 Although While Even much research has been devoted to A, many researchers have been published concerning A, little attention has been paid to B. Few studies have investigated B

4. 研究活動及目的 1. 論文導向：常用於分析問題，提出論證 以及介紹新的技術時。 2. 研究導向：若論文主要是提出某些實驗 或調查結果。

兩種導向的寫法比較 論文導向研究主題 This paper presents This thesis discusses A new method for analyzing______. New equations for expressing A. This report will present evidence to show In this paper, we will attempt to show That the conventional method causes errors in special cases. 研究導向研究主題 The purpose of the experiment report here was To determine the preferred viewing distance for work at a virtual display unit. The objective of this research wasTo examine the apparent osmotic behavior of some contemporary commercial reverse osmosis membranes. In the experiments reported here,we determined a new method for reducing variance in common case.

理論價值和應用價值 作者指出自己的研究結果會有什麼樣的貢 獻或應用前景，以說明自己研究的價值。 理論價值例句 Our results may help to clarify whether the design of decentralized PI control system based on Nyquist stability analysis is effective. Experiment similar to those reported here should be conducted using a wider variety of working conditions 應用價值例句 The methods reported here could be beneficial to research attempting to increase the performance of wettable filiters. The results obtained from this novel approach would provide better insight to planners and operators in the field of power engineering to handle the uncertainties affectively.

各助動詞的意義解析 助動詞字義的解析 Will 表示論文作者絲毫不疑句子的內容，確定程度最 高。 Would 在某些條件下很確定，即只要條件被滿足，確定 性很高。 Should 確定性高，但不能完全確定。 May 句子所表達的情有可能發生，但作者不確定是否 發生。 Might 句子所表達的事情有可能發生，但現實狀況不確 定。 Could 作者更不確定句子所表達的事情是否會發生。

組織結構 在以下情形會加上此部份： 1. 有不太了解該領域論文習性的讀者 2. 結構較為複雜，有別於一般同領域論文 3. 論文節章頁數繁多 4. 投稿之期刊有此規定和慣例

組織結構開頭句的範本 範例 The organization of the paper is as follows. This paper is organized as follows. The structure of the paper is as follows. The paper is organized into the following sections. The organization of the rest of the paper is as follows. The reminder of this paper is organized as follows.