MAJ Kathy Fallis Operations Officer 95 th Civil Support Team - WMD Current Detection Capabilities in the WMD Arena

22 Full-Time Army and Air National Guardsmen whose only mission is to support civil authorities.  24 hours a day, 7 days a week.  1200 to 1800 hours of certified individual training.  US Army C,B,R,N,E training.  Civilian Police/Fire/EMS and HAZMAT training. 95 th Civil Support Team - 95 th Civil Support Team - Weapons of Mass Destrucion (CST-WMD)

Support civil authorities at a WMD incident site by:  IDENTIFYING CBRNE agents/substances  ASSESSING current and projected consequences  ADVISING civilian responders regarding appropriate actions and response measures  ASSISTING with requests for additional State, Federal and DoD assets  SAVING LIVES, preventing human suffering, and mitigating great property damage Civil Support Team Mission Civil Support Team Mission

Robust Detection Capability Trained on Local, State and Federal response Trained across all Functional Areas Expertise in specific WMD fields CST -vs- HAZMAT Teams

95 th and 9 th CST (WMD) Primary Areas of Responsibility 95 th CST (WMD) 250 mile Radius response – Bay Area (#1 priority) 9 th CST (WMD) 250 mile Radius response – LA Area (#1 priority)

Full Team Deployment Split-team Deployment  Science Team  Communication Section  Operations Section can provide technical reference capability from home station  Medical Team  Survey Section  Decon Team Deployment Options

Ground-based Assets Command VehicleUnified Command Suite Decontamination VehicleMedical Support Survey Trucks Analytical Lab Air movement requires: 4 ea C-130 / 1 ea C-17 / 1 ea C-5

8 Survey Team Members Conduct CBRNE/TIC/TIM Reconnaissance Environmental Sampling Operations Limited Mitigation Operations Survey Capabilities

Aerial Photography and Satellite imagery Site Plans Synchronization of Resources Pre and Post Incident CBRNE Threat Analysis C4 (Command, Control, Computers and Communications) Operations Capabilities

Provides information on population and critical facilities. Provides Down-range Hazard plume modeling. iClient models Reach back with National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) Consequence Assessment Tool Set (CATS) Hazardous Predictions And Assessment Capabilities (HPAC) GIS integration and Analysis Modeling Capabilities

Provide interface across the spectrum of first responder frequencies and response organizations. Secure Reach Back to experts at varied State and Federal agencies. Provide secure telephone, internet, networking, and facsimile capabilities to an incident scene. Focused on interoperability and Common Operating Picture (COP) Communications Capabilities

Medical Officer (PA, MD, DO) Medical Operations Officer (Medical Liaison) Advise on treatment of WMD casualties. Integrates DoD medical support Medical Intelligence Technical Reference Medical Surveillance Programs Medical Capabilities

Nuclear Medical Science Officer Medical NCO –Equipped to conduct laboratory based, on-site presumptive of WMD and TIC/TIM Analytical Capabilities

Decontamination Capabilities Two Man Technical Decon Team Chemical, Biological & Radiological Decon Limited Mass Decon Capabilities

Threat Agent Characteristics Solids BWAs: B.anthracis spores, etc. Radiological: RDD, Nuclear, etc. Chemical: TIC/TIMs Liquids CWAs, Toxins, TIC/TIMs Gases CWAs, TICs

Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs) Nerve: GA – tabun GB - sarin GD - soman GF – cyclosarin (cyclohexyl)sarin VX Choking: CG – phosgene Blister: H - mustard HN1, HN2, HN3 – nitrogen mustards L – lewisite (CX – phosgene oxime) Blood: AC – hydrogen cyanide CK – cyanogen chloride

M8 Paper Used to test liquids Color change indicates presence of agent: Yellow = G agent Green = VX Red = L or H agents If substance beads on paper – aqueous If substance is absorbed - organic

M256A1 Vapor Sampling Kit Tests for vapors of: Blood Agents - AC, CK Blister Agents – H series, CX, Lewisite Nerve Agents – G series, VX

M256A1 Vapor Sampling Kit

Gas Analysis (Draeger) Tubes Samples drawn into analysis tubes by hand- or automatic pump Tubes contain sorbents containing reactive materials Color changes indicate presence/absence and quantification of contaminant

Photo Ionization Detectors (PIDs) Multi-gas meter LEL, O 2, and 2 sensors of choice: CO, H 2 S, SO 2, NO, NO 2, Cl 2, HCN, NH 3, PH ppm measurement of VOC’s to 0.1 ppm resolution Lamp energies from 8.3 – 11.7 eV

Photo Ionization Detector (PID)

Ion Mobility Spectroscopy (IMS) APD-2000 ICAM IONSCAN ACADA

Ion Mobility Spectroscopy (IMS) Molecules ionized by radioactive (  ) emitters (Americium-241 or Nickel-63) Pass through weak electrical field toward ion detector Time to detector is proportional to mass of molecule Advantages: operates at atmospheric pressure small, lower power requirements, less weight, easy to use.

Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Systems (SAW)

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FT-IR

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FT-IR

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FT-IR

Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR) FT-IR Internal reflection spectrometry IRE composed of Ge, ZnSe, or diamond

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) For analysis of VOCs and some semi-volatiles

GC-MS Results NIST library: 190,000+ compounds

Biological Warfare Agents (BWAs) Toxins: Ricin Botulinum toxin SEB Mycotoxin T2 Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Viruses: Variola VEE Dengue Hantavirus Marburg Ebola Bacteria: B. anthracis C. botulinum F. tularensis Brucella spp. V. cholerae Y. pestis S. typhii Ricketssiae: C. burnetti R. typhii R. ricketsii

Basic Microbiology

Immunoassays (HHA, ELISA) Mimics body’s immune defense system Pathogen Specific

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Thermocyclers RAPID JBAIDS LightCycler

Genetic Based Detection Real-time PCR

Microscopy with ATR FT-IR Allows for separation of components of mixtures Each individual particle can be examined and analyzed using integrated ATR FT-IR

Microscopy Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM)

Stereomicroscopy

Brightfield/Darkfield Microscopy

Radiological Detection AN/VDR-2 Measures: Beta (  ) Gamma (  ) Provides dose and dose rate information

Radiological Detection AN/PDR-77 Detects and measures: Alpha (  ) Beta (  ) Gamma (  Low energy X-ray radiation

Radiological Detection/Protection AN/UDR-13 “Pocket Radiac Set” Measures: Gamma (  ) Neutron radiation Measures total dose and provides dose rate information

Radiological Detection FieldSpec/Identifinder Detects: Gamma (  ) & Neutron (n) Identifies Isotopes Quantifies Contamination Geiger-Mueller detector(  ) NaI(Tl) scintillation detector (  ) He-3 detector (n)

Questions? Contact Info: MAJ Kathy Fallis 95 th CST(WMD) 1525 W. Winton Ave., Bldg. 9 Hayward, CA