1. Ohio Hazmat & WMD Technician
Module 1 Unit 2
Field Survey Instruments
This slide to be displayed at the beginning of the class
Instructor Notes

2. Learning Objectives
At the end of this training each student will demonstrate knowledge and the ability to classify, identify, and verify known and unknown chemicals by using field survey instruments.
Read the objective
Instructor Notes

3. Student Performance Objectives
Know the 9 DOT Hazard Classes
Know the 3 classes and 2 divisions of inherent safety tested instruments
Know the 6 types of direct reading instruments and give examples of each type.
Read the objectives
Instructor Notes

4. Student Performance Objectives (cont.)
Demonstrate their ability to operate at least 4 different direct reading instruments
Must be able to successfully complete competency evaluations 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 014, 016, 017, and/or 018
Read the objectives
Instructor Notes

5. DOT Hazard Classes 1 Explosives 2 Compressed gasses
3 Flammable liquids
4 Flam solids, spontaneous combustible, dangerous when wet
5 Oxidizers and organic peroxides
Explain each hazard class. Explain the necessity of knowing these classes in order to properly classify HazMats
Instructor Notes

6. DOT Hazard Classes (cont.)
6 Toxic, biological
7 Radiological
8 Corrosives
9 Misc. (ORM)

7. Real Time Air Monitors Assessing health risks PPE Work zones
Dispersion
Mitigation actions
Explain the benefits to real time air monitors
Instructor Notes

8. Characteristics of Air Monitoring Instruments
Portable and rugged
Easy to operate
Inherently safe
Reliable and useful results
Instructor Notes

9. Inherently Safe Class I, II and III Division 1 and 2
Explain the desirable characteristics of an air monitoring instrument
Class and Group - Class is a category describing the type of flammable material that produces the hazardous atmosphere:
Class I: Consists of flammable vapors and gases such as gasoline and hydrogen. Class I is further divided into Groups A, B, C, and D on the basis of similar flammability characteristics (Table 1).
Class II: Consists of combustible dusts like coal or grain and is divided into Groups E, F, and G (Table 2).
Class III: Consists of ignitable fibers such as produced by cotton milling.
Division - Division is the term describing the "location" of generation and release of the flammable material.
Division 1: A location where the generation and release are continuous, intermittent, or periodic into an open, unconfined area under normal conditions.
Division 2: A location where the generation is only from a leak or failure from closed systems or containers.
Instructor Notes

10. Characteristics of Air Monitoring Instruments (cont.)
Reliable and useful results
Response time
Sensitivity
Amplification
Accuracy
Precision
Selectivity
Calibration and relative response

11. Types of Direct reading instruments
Corrosive gas
Oxygen
Flammability
Toxic
Radiological
Specialized
Announcer slide
This is the 6 basic types of direct reading instruments
Instructor Notes

12. Corrosive Gas
pH paper
Display pH paper and discuss
Instructor Notes

13. Oxygen Normal air–20.9% oxygen Oxygen levels less than 19.5%
Oxygen levels above 23.5%
Some instruments require sufficient oxygen for operation
The first item to check for is O2.
Instructor Notes

14. Schematic of Oxygen Sensor
Membrane
(-)
(+)
Electrode
Most O2 sensors are a electro-chemical type of sensor
Meter Face
Electrolyte Solution (KCL or KOH)
Instructor Notes

15. Limitations and Considerations
Atmospheric pressure
Temperature
Turn-on 4 gas meter and demonstrate low O2 levels in exhaled air.
Instructor Notes

16. Combustible-Atmosphere Indicators
Combustible Gas Indicators (CGI)
Concentration of a flammable vapor or gas in the air
Percentage of the LEL
Continue to show monitor and explain the CGI process
Instructor Notes

17. Flammable Range
Take time to explain that CGI’s read in a percentage of a percentage.
It basically takes 1000 ppm of a flammable vapor to change the meter reading to 1% of the LEL
Instructor Notes

18. Principle of Operation
Wheatstone Bridge
WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
Explain the wheatstone bridge concept
Instructor Notes

19. Limitations Temperature Lack of oxygen
Lead vapors and silicon compounds
Response factors
Discuss and explain limitations
Instructor Notes

20. Relative Response for a Combustible Gas
Chemical
Concentration (% LEL)
Meter Response
(% LEL)
Relative Response
Factor
Methane 50 85
1.7
Acetylene 60
1.2
Pentane 1
1,4,-Dioxane 37
.74
Xylene 27
.54
Explain that conversion factors are very important to industrial hygienists but not quite as important to first responders. To a HazMat tech any reading of a flammable vapor should alert them to the fact that something flammable is present, so flash protection should be worn.
Instructor Notes

21. Toxic-Atmosphere Monitors
Identify airborne concentrations
Evaluate risk
Determine the need and type of PPE
Establish work zones
PPM
Explain that there is a wide verity of types and technologies for toxic sensors.
Instructor Notes

22. Radiological Survey meters Contamination Dose & Rate Max dose for:
Life safety - 50,000mrem
Protecting critical property - 10,000mrem
Emergency worker mrem
Show and explain a radiation detector and pager. Demonstrate the difference of dose and rate, and a radiation survey of the area verses a search for contamination.
Dose is the general term for the quantity of radiation absorbed. Rate is the amount of dose delivered per unit of time, usually expressed as rem per hour.
HazMat technicians should limit their total accumulative dose to 5000mrem over the course of the incident unless entry is for life safety (rescue) or protecting critical property. Then dose amounts should not exceed 50,000mrem or 10,000mrem respectably. A Rate of 1000mrem/hr would give the responder 5000mrem in 5 hours time.
Instructor Notes

23. Specialized Monitoring Devices
NFPA’s list of 18
1) Biological immunoassay indicators
2) Chemical Agent Monitors
3) Colorimetric indicators
4) Combustible Gas Indicators
5) DNA Fluoroscopy
6) Electro chemical cells
7) Flame Ionizing detector
8) Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer
9) Infrared Spectroscopy
10) Ion mobility spectroscopy
11) Mass channel analyzer
12) Metal oxide sensor
13) Photo ionization detector
14) Polymerase chain reaction
15) Radiation detection and measurement instruments
16) Raman spectroscopy
17) Surface acoustical wave
18) Wet chemistry
Go over list and briefly explain each type
1) Biological immunoassay indicators
2) Chemical Agent Monitors
3) Colorimetric indicators
4) Combustible Gas Indicators
5) DNA Fluoroscopy
6) Electro chemical cells
7) Flame Ionizing detector
8) Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer
9) Infrared Spectroscopy
10) Ion mobility spectroscopy
11) Mass channel analyzer
12) Metal oxide sensor
13) Photo ionization detector
14) Polymerase chain reaction
15) Radiation detection and emasurement instruments
16) Raman spectroscopy
17) Surface acoustical wave
18) Wet chemistry
Instructor Notes

24. Colorimetric Tubes Glass tube with an indicating chemical
Tube is connected to a pump
Contaminant reacts with the indicator
Chemical-specific
Demonstrate tubes
Instructor Notes

25. Limitations and Considerations (cont.)
Poor accuracy and precision
Affected by temperature
Store tubes at moderate temperatures
Humidity
Shelf life

26. Limitations and Considerations (cont.)
Interfering compounds
Difficult to read
Sampling times

27. Photoionization Detector (PID)
Detect concentrations of gases and vapors in PPM
Fan or pump draws the air into the detector
Contaminants are exposed to a high-frequency radiation light source
demonstrate
Instructor Notes

28. Ionization Potential (eV)
Chemical
Ionization Potential (eV)
Hydrogen cyanide
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Hydrogen chloride
Water
Oxygen
Chlorine
Propane
Hydrogen sulfide
Hexane
Ammonia
Vinyl chloride
Acetone
Benzene
Phenol
Ethyl amine
13.9
13.8
13.0
12.5
12.6
12.1
11.5
11.1
10.5
10.2
10.1
10.0
9.7
9.2
8.5
8.0
Make sure this is fully explained as not all products can be picked up by a PID. A 10.6 lamp will not determine the presence of propane.
Instructor Notes

29. Specialized for WMD M8 M9 M256A1 ICAM APD2000 SAW Mincad GC/MS
Biological detection and ID
Demonstrate each type of instrument
Instructor Notes

30. Exercise Module 1 Unit 2 Air Monitors
Time Allotted: 60 minutes
Equipment needed: (2) 4 gas air monitors
P.I.D.
pH paper
Calibration gas
Supplies needed: Acetone
Acetic Acid (vinegar)
Hydrochloric Acid (The Works toilet bowl cleaner)
Ammonia (window cleaner)
4 small containers with lids or covers
Calibration Gas
Methodology: The instructor will give you a scenario that is based on the student performance objectives in this unit.
Use exercise set-up form to give students hands-on practice.
Instructor Notes

31. Allow 10 - 15 minutes and then review the answers.
Unit 2 Quiz
Allow minutes and then review the answers.
Instructor Notes

32. Questions
Instructor Notes