ITS Research Workshop U.S. DOT Perspective on Immediate Research Topics and Areas Joseph I. Peters, Ph.D. Director, Office of Operations R&D Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center U.S. Department of Transportation

2 Research and Innovative Technology Administration Secretary LaHood’s Priorities  Safety: Improve public health and safety by reducing transportation-related fatalities and injuries.  Livability: Promote place-based policies that provide transportation choices and improve the quality of life for all Americans.  State of Good Repair: Ensure the U.S. proactively maintains its critical transportation infrastructure.  Economic Competitiveness: Foster transportation investments and policies that serve the traveling public and freight movement to bring lasting economic and social benefit to the Nation.  Environmental Sustainability: Pursue transportation policies and investments that reduce carbon emissions and foster protection of critical watersheds and ecosystems.

3 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration U.S. DOT Strategic Plan

4 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration U.S. DOT is Focused on Critical Transportation Issues  Safety  Distracted driving  High-speed rail  Alternative fuels  Livability  Sustainability  Nanotechnology  Land use planning  Connected vehicles  Next generation  Traffic congestion  Innovative financing  Marine highways  Climate change

5 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration U.S. DOT RD&T Strategic Plan  Multimodal RD&T Planning Team working on strategic research plan  Received stakeholder input via Federal Register in January 2010  Continuing to develop collaborative projects and programs  Look for draft plan this summer via Open.gov comment process similar to DOT stratetic plan  Continuing to solicit input from key stakeholders  Expert panel convening to review draft plan  Developing DOT research knowledge management system

6 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration Key Priorities  Safety  Livable Communities  State of Good Repair  Economic Competitiveness  Environmental Sustainability  Infrastructure & Materials  Human Factors  Energy Sustainability  Risk-Based Analysis to Address Safety Issues  Data Driven Decision Making  Multimodal Intelligent Transportation Systems  Livability  Modeling and Simulation  Positioning, Navigation & Timing  Transportation Implications for an Aging Population and Those with Special Needs  System Resilience & Global Logistics  Policy Analysis  Travel Behavior  Economics Scientific Clusters Research Clusters

7 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration ITS Strategic Plan – Process  Planning started in early 2008  Inputs gathered from:  ITS Program Advisory Committee inputs  USDOT modal staff interviews  Stakeholder engagement (responded to a RFI)  Trend analysis:  Transportation  World  Technology Theme of Connectivity

8 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration Traditional ITS Technologies Ramp MeteringTransit InformationTransportation Management Centers Research Major ITS Initiatives The Universe of ITS CV Electronic Credentialing DeploymentDemonstration/Deployment IVBSS MSAA NG911 ICM VII - POC ITS Strategic Plan – Process ??

9 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration ITS Strategic Plan – Stakeholder Comments  Focus the program  Have an overarching direction  Be vocal  Put forward a vision  Engage the community  Technology is outpacing government research  Change the game to leverage private sector innovation

10 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration ITS Strategic Plan – Noteworthy Trends in Transportation  Stagnant safety statistics  Growing congestion  Growing interest in transit  Growing environmental awareness  Emphasis on performance measurement & management  Troubled transportation financing  Road pricing and financing alternatives  Transportation impacts lives

11 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration ITS Strategic Plan – Noteworthy Trends in Technology  Wireless technology boom  Strong consumer market  Fast pace of innovation PNDs GPS Phones Source: Telematics Research Group, Inc.  Expectation for information  Ubiquitous connectivity  Person-to-person networking

12 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration ITS Strategic Plan – Past, Present and Future DeploymentDemonstration/Deployment Traditional ITS Technologies Ramp MeteringTransit InformationTransportation Management Centers Research Major ITS Initiatives The Universe of ITS Vehicles Wireless Devices Infrastructure Drivers Wireless Connectivity IVBSS MSAA NG911ICM VII - POC CV Electronic Credentialing

13 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration ITS Strategic Plan – Vision A national, multi-modal surface transportation system that features a connected transportation environment among vehicles, the infrastructure, and portable devices to serve the public good by leveraging technology to maximize safety, mobility and environmental performance …and a suite of targeted research and development initiatives that support cross-modal ITS solutions

14 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration ITS Strategic Plan – Process  Senior ITS JPO and USDOT multi-modal staffs established vision, mission & goals: April 2009  Multi-modal teams formed: April 2009 – May 2009  Request for Information (RFI) & public workshop for stakeholder input: May 2009 – June 2009  Draft ITS research proposals developed: May 2009 – June 2009  Senior ITS JPO and USDOT multi-modal staffs reviewed & provided input (down scoped): June 2009  ITS research proposals revised: July 2009 – August 2009  Senior ITS JPO and USDOT Multi-modal staffs reviewed revised proposals: September 2009 – November 2009  ITS Management Council concurrence: December 2009 Proposed ITS Strategic Plan & Investment Approach

15 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAFETY Vision for 2010 ITS Strategic Plan A national, multi-modal surface transportation system that features a connected transportation environment among vehicles, the infrastructure, and portable devices to serve the public good by leveraging technology to maximize safety, mobility, and environmental performance. ENVIRONMENTMOBILITY Goal: Transformative safety through vehicle and infrastructure connectivity Goal (1): Capture complete, real-time information on all roads and all modes to support transformational system performance. Goal (2): Achieve transformational transportation management and system performance through applications of vehicle and infrastructure connectivity. Goal (3): Realize “next generation” electronic payment systems that support transformational system performance. Goal: Enable environmental management through vehicle and infrastructure connectivity. Policy Foundation for Deployment Establish an institutional Foundation for deployment of safety, mobility and environmental applications based on vehicle and infrastructure connectivity STRATEGIC INITIATIVES ITS Strategic Plan – Process

16 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration ITS Strategic Plan – RFI Input Summary  38 responses  Predominantly in agreement with goals and objectives as stated in the RFI:  Priority for most respondents is active safety  Another priority is for large-scale testing and demonstrations as a means of launching adoption  Additionally, much interest in the mobility data capture area and the e- payment areas  Some common themes:  Bold, transformative vision is good, but the plan should provide an incremental approach that can focus and deliver solutions in 5 years  Consistent support for standards  Common reference to ITS as a tool for measuring system performance and enhancing it  Thoughts provided on new ways to expand partnerships and stakeholder engagement

17 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration  Program proposal must support ITS Program goals and objectives  Focused on large, multi-modal research efforts of national importance  Federal role must be clear and justifiable  Expected to offer a positive, measurable return on investment  Must have champions committed to research success  Will be a market catalyst  Must show strong desire for joint funding so that resources can be leveraged for common purposes  Must deliver research results in 3-to-5 years, and must be implementable  Must address institutional, regulatory and policy issues as well as technology issues ITS Strategic Plan – Proposal Review Criteria

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Strategic Plan IntelliDrive Primer

19 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration  IntelliDrive SM is a suite of technologies and applications that use wireless communications to provide connectivity:  With and between vehicles (of all types)  Between vehicles and roadway infrastructure  Between vehicles, infrastructure and wireless consumer devices What is IntelliDrive SM ? Vehicles Wireless Devices Infrastructure Drivers

20 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration What Can IntelliDrive SM Do? Safety Benefits IntelliDrive SM could potentially address 82% of the vehicle crash scenarios involving unimpaired drivers Reduce or eliminate crashes through: Driver Advisories Driver Warnings and Vehicle Control Livability & Mobility Benefits Data-Rich Environment Performance Management Operations Efficiency Traffic, Transit, Parking Weather V2I, I2V Interactivity (SPAT) Environmental Benefits Reduce Emissions Save Fuel

21 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration PROBLEM  37,000 deaths/year (US 2008 data) 1  5,800,000 crashes/year (US 2008 data) 1  Direct economic cost of $230.6 Billion (US 2000 data) 1  Leading cause of death for ages 4 to 34 (US 2006 data) 1 GOAL IntelliDrive SM safety applications are designed to increase drivers’ situational awareness and reduce or eliminate crashes through: Driver Advisories Driver Warnings and Vehicle Control Safety Benefits 1 National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA)

22 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration Safety Benefits Imagine:  Your vehicle can “see” vehicles you can’t see  Your vehicle knows roadway conditions that you can’t see  Your vehicle knows the speed and location of approaching vehicles

23 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration OPPORTUNITY  IntelliDrive SM could potentially address 82% of the vehicle crash scenarios involving unimpaired drivers  At full coverage and full effectiveness, IntelliDrive could save thousands of lives per year REAR-END Forward Crash Warning Adaptive Cruise Control Brake Assist Automatic Braking OFF ROADWAY Lane Departure Warning Lane Keeping Curve Speed Warning Stability Control CROSSING PATHS Intersection Movement Assist Stop Sign & Signal Violation Warnings LANE CHANGE Blind Spot Detection Side Radar Safety Benefits

24 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration PROBLEM  Traffic congestion $87.2 billion annual drain on the U.S. economy 1 :  4.2 billion lost hours (one work week for every traveler) 1  2.8 billion gallons of wasted fuel (three weeks worth of gas for every traveler) 1 GOAL  To achieve transformational system performance of the surface transportation network through:  Capture of real time data from infrastructure and vehicles (cars, trucks, transit)  Development of applications supporting public agency transportation management Livability & Mobility Benefits 1 Texas Transportation Institute Urban Mobility Report, 2007 data

25 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration Imagine:  Managing your system if you knew where every vehicle (cars, trucks and transit) was in real time  Planning for your growth patterns when you can see the complete traffic patterns around development  Planning your travel if you knew real-time options on all roads, transit & parking along your route Livability & Mobility Benefits

26 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration OPPORTUNITY  IntelliDrive SM can provide transportation agencies with  Dramatically improved quality and quantity of real-time transit, traffic and parking data  Which would make it easier to manage transportation systems efficiently  IntelliDrive SM can provide consumers  Real-time info on modal options  Real-time info for rerouting Livability & Mobility Benefits

27 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration PROBLEM  2,800,000 gallons of fuel wasted each year  22% CO2 emissions from vehicles Environmental Benefits GOAL  To reduce transportation’s impact on the environment through:  Capture of real time environmental data from vehicles  Development of applications supporting public agency transportation management

28 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration Windshield Wiper Setting Head Lights Status Sun/Rain Sensor Antilock Braking System (ABS) Traction Control Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Ambient Air Temperature Barometric Pressure Brake Status Stability Control Speed and Heading Location and Elevation Hours of Operation Imagine:  Managing your system for environmental and weather events if you knew specific information about the road & vehicles (cars, trucks, transit) Environmental Benefits

29 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration OPPORTUNITY  IntelliDrive can provide transportation agencies with  Dramatically improved quality and quantity of real-time vehicle (cars, trucks, transit) and road condition data  Which would make it easier to manage transportation systems efficiently for environmental benefit  IntelliDrive SM can provide consumers:  Real time info on environmental footprint  Real time info for rerouting Environmental Benefits

30 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration IntelliDrive SM : Dedicated Spectrum  FCC allocated 5.9GHz for safety applications  Other applications can be accommodated  5.9GHz put US in leadership role  Europe subsequently allocated 5.9GHz  Japan subsequently allocated 5.8GHz  Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) at 5.9GHz is required for critical safety applications  Other wireless technologies are options for other applications  Strong industry support for DSRC at 5.9GHz

31 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration Active Safety Latency Requirements (secs) Traffic Signal Violation warning 0.1 Curve Speed Warning 1 Emergency Electronic Brake Lights 0.1 Pre-Crash Sensing 0.02 Cooperative Forward Collision Warning 0.1 Left Turn Assistant 0.1 Lane Change Warning 0.1 Stop Sign Movement Assistance 0.1 Note: Y-axis not to scale for illustration purposes Data source: Vehicle Safety Communications Project – Final Repor t Latency (in seconds) Most Stringent latency requirement for Active Safety (.02 sec) Least stringent latency requirement for Active Safety ( 1 sec) Communications Technologies WiFi (3 – 5 secs) Terrestrial Digital Radio & Satellite Digital Audio Radio (10 – 20 secs) WiMax (1.5 – 3.5 secs) Bluetooth (3 – 4 secs) Two-Way Satellite (60+ secs) 5.9 GHz DSRC (.0002 secs) Cellular (1.5 – 3.5 secs).01 Latency vs. Communications Technologies For IntelliDrive SM

32 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration IntelliDrive SM : An Emerging Industry  Implementation will require investment beyond USDOT:  Automotive, Truck, Bus Industry  Radio Manufacturers  Chipset Manufacturers  Traffic Signal Equipment Manufacturers  Application Developers  State & Local Governments  Truck & Bus Operators  Toll Operators  Industry is looking for strong leadership from USDOT  Primary industry feedback is to move faster and invest sooner

33 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration ITS Strategic Plan – IntelliDrive SM General Framework Applications (Includes Field Tests and Demonstrations) Technology Underpinning Policy & Non-Technical

34 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration ITS Strategic Plan – Critical Success Factors  Effective Applications  Interoperable Technology  Sustainable Approach  Publicly Acceptable

35 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration ITS Strategic Plan – Research Questions & Framework  Are applications available and benefits validated?  What is the minimum infrastructure needed for the greatest benefit? How much, where, when and what type?  What is the degree of market penetration required for effectiveness?  Is technology stable, reliable, secure, and interoperable?  Are international standards available to ensure interoperability?  What policies/governance/funding are required for sustainability?  How to address public concerns for privacy and ensure that applications do not cause driver distraction? Applications Technology Policy ALL MUST BE ANSWERED TO BE DEPLOYABLE 77% 18% 5%