HLS, July 4, 2002
tales of the allowed
(1) broadcasters
1934
1934 organ recital
1934 organ recital Empire State Building
1934 organ recital Empire State Building Long Island
FM radio
less static
higher fidelity
penetrates ionosphere
RCA
“I thought Armstrong would invent some kind of a filter to remove static from our AM radio. I didn’t think he’d start a revolution -- start up a whole damn new industry to compete with RCA.”
“I thought Armstrong would invent some kind of a filter to remove static from our AM radio. I didn't think he’d start a revolution -- start up a whole damn new industry to compete with RCA.”
FCC
patents
6 years
1954
FM
Not allowed.
(2) operators
1964
1964 Paul Baran
1964 Paul Baran Rand
1964 Paul Baran Rand Department of Defense
“packet switching”
AT&T
(1) “will never possibly work”
(2) “damned if we’ll allow the creation of a competitor to ourself.”
The Internet.
Not allowed.
1.Creativity and innovation always builds on the past.
2. The past always tries to control the creativity that builds on it.
3. Free societies enable the future by limiting the past.
4. Ours is less and less a free society.
internet is an architecture
it is an architecture that allows
“end-to-end argument” saltzer, clark and reed
e2e
put intelligence at the ends; keep network simple
Simple networks,
Simple networks, smart applications.
AT&T uses may I?
AT&T uses allowed
e2e uses
e2e uses
e2e uses
e2e uses “want”
an architecture that allows
consequences
Arch(AT&T) vs. Arch(e2e)
(1) Number of innovators: AT&T = # owners of network
(1) Number of innovators: e2e = # people connected to the network
(2) Kinds of innovation: AT&T = innovation that benefits the network owners
(2) Kinds of innovation: e2e = innovation that people want
“innovations”
Kahn/Cerf
“innovations” Kahn/Cerf—kids
“innovations” Kahn/Cerf—kids World Wide Web
“innovations” Kahn/Cerf—kids World Wide Web— CERN/Swiss
“innovations” Kahn/Cerf—kids World Wide Web— CERN/Swiss ICQ
“innovations” Kahn/Cerf—kids World Wide Web— CERN/Swiss ICQ—Israeli
“innovations” Kahn/Cerf—kids World Wide Web— CERN/Swiss ICQ—Israeli HoTMaiL
“innovations” Kahn/Cerf—kids World Wide Web— CERN/Swiss ICQ—Israeli HoTMaiL—Indian
kids & non-Americans
not network owners
b/c of e2e
where is e2e?
the Internet Content Logical Physical
the Internet Content Logicale2e Physical
the Internet Content Windows mp3s Logicale2e Physical
the Internet Content Windows mp3s Logicale2e Physicaltelephones
the Internet Content Windows mp3s Logicale2e Physicalcable
the Internet Content Windows mp3s Logicale2e Physical cable wireless
the Internet Content Windows mp3s Logical Free Physical cable wireless
the Internet ContentFree/Control Logical Free Physical cable wireless
the Internet ContentFree/Control Logical Free Physical Free to Controlled
a “pure” router
blind
a “smart” router blind
a “smart” router blind intelligence
a “smart” router blind intelligence who
a “smart” router blind intelligence who what
a “smart” router blind intelligence who what where
a “smart” router I can see! intelligence who what where
smart routers
discriminating routers
power to “allow”
corrupting e2e
e.g.
“cable families”
Video
?
“blood sucked from our veins.”
the Internet ContentFree/Control Logical e2e Physicalcable
the Cable-net ContentFree/Control Logical e2e Physicalcable corrupted core e2e
the Cable-net ContentFree/Control Logical e2e Physicalcable corrupted core e2e Help!
innovation as network allows
content as network allows
end of e2e