1. PRESENTATION ON:- INTER NETWORK Guided by: Presented by:- Prof. Ekta Agrwal Dhananjay Mishra Prafull Jain Vinod Kumawat

2. Content:- Introduction. Layer 1 connection- ◦ Repeaters. ◦ Hubs. Layer 2 connection- ◦ Bridges. ◦ Switches. Layer 3 connection- ◦ Routers. ◦ Gateways.

3. Inter Networking….. Introduction :- Internetworking is the technique or process of the connecting different network by intermediate device such as router, hubs, switches, bridge etc. These device can operate in different layer of Internet model.

4. Inter Networking….. Internetworking devices:- Internetworking devices is a widely-used term for any hardware within a networks that connect different network resources. Key device that comprise a network are routers, bridges, repeaters and gateways. All devices have separately installed scope feature, per network requirements and scenarios.

5. Inter Networking….. Five category of Internetworking devices

6. Layer 1 connection…. Layer 1 connection:- Layer 1 connection defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between end systems. E.g.:- Repeaters and Hubs.

7. Layer 1 connection…. Repeaters:- A repeater is a layer 1 connection device that operates only in the physical layer which act on bit not on frame. Repeater receive a signal and, before it becomes too weak or corrupted, regenerates the original bit pattern. The repeater then sends the refreshed signal.

8. Layer 1 connection…. Repeater connecting two segment of a LAN:-

9. Layer 1 connection…. Function of repeater:-

10. Layer 1 connection…. Hubs:- Hubs are physical connecting device of internet. Which work on physical layer using star topology by cable nexus. Hubs are three type according to its working : Passive Hubs. Active Hubs. Intelligent Hubs.

11. Layer 1 connection…. Passive Hubs:- A passive hub is just a connector. It connect the wires coming from different branches. In a star topology Ethernet LAN, a passive hub is just a point where the signal coming from different station collide; the hub is the collision point. This type of hub is part of the media, its location in the internet model is below the physical layer.

12. Layer 1 connection…. Active Hubs:- An active hub is actually a multiport repeater. It is normally used to create connection between station in a physical star topology. In Ethernet implementation hub is 10Base-T(100 m).

13. Layer 1 connection…. Intelligent hubs:- A hub that is enabled for remote monitoring and management through Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). An intelligent hub contains Management Information Base (MIB) information that specifies which conditions can be monitored and which functions can be managed.

14. Layer 1 connection…. Functions of intelligent hub: Setting alerts on problem conditions such as excessive collisions Isolating and disconnecting problem computers Providing network statistics to remote management consoles.

15. Layer 2 connection…. Introduction:- layer 2 connection is the worked on Data Link layer and Physical layer. Layer 2 connection have the following device to connect internet: Bridge. Switches.

16. Layer 2 connection…. Bridge:- A bridge operate in both the physical and data link layer. As a physical layer device, it regenerates the signal it receives. As a data link layer device, the bridge can check the physical(MAC) address(source & destination) contained in the frame. A bridge has filtering capability. It can check the destination address of frame and decide if the frame should be forwarded or dropped. If forward then decision must be specify the port. Which specify in bridge decision table.

17. Layer 2 connection….

18. Switches:- A switch is a combination of a hub and a bridge. It can interconnect two or more workstations, but like a bridge, it observes traffic flow and learns. When a frame arrives at a switch, the switch examines the destination address and forwards the frame out the one necessary connection.

19. Layer 2 connection…. Switches:- two layer switch which work on physical and data link layer

20. Layer 3 connection…. Introduction :- Layer 3 connection is work on the all layer of network model. Layer 3 connection have the following device to connect internet:  Router.  Gateway.

21. Layer 3 connection…. Routers:- A router is a three layer device that routes packets based on their logical address (host- to-host addressing). A router normally connects LANs and WANs in the internet and has a routing table that is used for making decision about the route.

22. Layer 3 connection…. Router connect with LAN & WAN

23. Layer 3 connection…. Static & Dynamic Router:- Static RouterDynamic router Manual configuration of routes Manual configuration of the first route. Automatic discovery of new routes Always use the same routeCan select the best route More secureNeed manual configuration to improve security

24. Layer 3 connection…. Gateway:- A gateway is a data communication device that provides a remote network with connectivity to a host network. A gateway device provides communication to a remote network or an autonomous system that is out of bounds for the host network nodes. Gateways serve as the entry and exit point of a network; all data routed inward or outward must first pass through and communicate with the gateway in order to use routing paths. Generally, a router is configured to work as a gateway device in computer networks.

25. Layer 3 connection…. Gateway:-

26. Conclusion BasisRepeate r HubBridgeSwitchRouterGatew ay Work on physical layer Physical & below physical Physical layer & data link Data link layer Network layer All layer Functio n Regenerat e weak signal Forward signal Filter and forward signal Filter forward Take Route decision Remote the network Data form BitFrameSegmentFrame & Packet Packet----