Fruits Capsicum fruits – Senna pods Pharmacogonosy II Fruits Capsicum fruits – Senna pods
Capsicum Fruit Origin :The dried ripe fruits of Capsicum minimum F.Solanaceae Condition: Dried -ripe Shape: Ovoid to conical ovoid, attached to 5- toothed calyx and a slender pedicle. Color: Orange red to red Kind: True, Simple, Succulent, Berry (pericarp is fleshy and endocarp is not hard).
Pericarp Insertion: Superior Dehiscence: Indehiscent Odour: Sternutatory Taste: Fiery pungent taste Pericarp Colour: Orange red Surface: Glabrous , shining Texture and Thickness: thin & leathery. Sutures: Nil Epi, meso and Endocarp: Indistinguishable. Placentation: Axile
Pitted reticulated surface Seed No: 10-20 in each fruit. Shape : reniform ( kidney-shapped) Kind: Albuminous, derived from Campylotropous ovule Embryo: Coiled, Dicot and Long radicle. Pitted reticulated surface
T.S in Pericarp Epicarp IML of mesocarp Islet of sclereid in endocarp Idioblast of microsphenoidal crystals of ca.ox
Islets of sclerides of endocarp Oil globules IMLM = Giant cell Epicarp: thick cutinized, straight walled, rectangular cells, thickened on the 2 radial and outer tangential walls Islets of sclerides of endocarp
T.S in capsicum seed Outer epidermis Inner epidermis endosperm
Capsicum fruit powder Physical characters Key elements: Color: orange red color Odour : sternutatory . Taste: fiery pungent . Pungency is destroyed by KMnO4 (not by alkalis) Key elements: 1- sclereids of endocarp. 2- Seed coat.
islets of sclerieds of endocarp Low power High power Polygonal elongated sclerieds having thick, sinous, pitted and lignified walls
Seed coat Low power High power Large polygonal cells having thick, lignified sinuous walls and branched lumen.
Senna pods= legumes Origin: the dried ripe fruits of Cassia acutifolia known as Alexandrian senna and Cassia angustifolia known as Indian senna Family: Leguminosae Condition: dried, ripe Shape :thin, papery, laterally compressed, subreniform. Color : Pale green to greenish- brown with a brown center area (position of seeds) Odour: odourless. Taste: bitter mucilagenous.
Ventral Dorsal side side Kind : true, simple, dry, dehiscent, legume. Insertion : superior Dehiscence : along both dorsal and ventral sutures. Placentation : Marginal Ventral side Dorsal side
Pericarp Seed Colour: pale green to greenish brown Thickness and texture: thin and papery Surface : rough Sutures: dorsal and ventral Epi, meso & endocarp: indistinguished macroscopically Seed Number: Alex(5-7) , Indian(6-8) Adherence: adhere to ventral suture by short funicle. Shape: obovate, wedge-shaped, hard Kind: albuminous, atropus. Embryo: large, straight, dicot.
Senna Powder Palisade-like epidermal cells of the seed. H.P. L.P. Crossed fibres of endocarp Bearer cells horse-Shoe shaped hypodermis In seed
Fragment of crossed fibres (atypical crystal sheath) Fragments of epicarp showing Paracytic stomata and warty hairs. Fragment of crossed fibres (atypical crystal sheath)
Special chemical test: Modified Borntrager’s test Boil with alc. KOH Filter Acidify with dil. HCl Few drops H2O2 Pd. Seena Filterate Extract with organic solvent Shake with NH3 Rose red color in aqueous layer