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Seeds and Fruits
Types & Dispersal
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Seeds and Fruit
Fruits are formed by seed plants to aid in dispersing seeds
A seed contains the developing plant embryo in a protective coat (testa)
Seeds form from ovules fertilized in the ovary
Ovaries with seeds ripen into dry or fleshy fruits
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Parts of a Seed
External seed coat or testa
Developing plant embryo
Stored food called endosperm
Seeds may be in one part (monocot) or two parts (dicots)
DICOT
MONOCOT
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Parts of a Seed
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Gymnosperm Seed
A single fertilization produces the diploid (2n) embryo
The food source is the haploid megagametophyte
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Flowering plant seed
In angiosperms (flowering plants) there is
DOUBLE _______________
Which produces a diploid ________(2n) and,
A triploid (3n) __________
Endosperm is the food source
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Dicot vs. monocot seed
Dicot has two cotyledons (like bean)
Endosperm (food) is kept in the _________
Monocot has one __________ which absorbs the endosperm tissue during germination (corn)
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Fruit
In flowering plants – Fruit is a mature, ripened o_____ that contains the seeds
Pericarp – the ovary wall
ovary
Fruit types
A. Simple
B. Aggregate
C. Multiple
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A. Simple fruit
A. Simple fruit – develops from a ______ ovary of a single flower.
Simple fruits can be either fleshy or dry when mature
Simple fleshy fruit
1. __________
2. _________
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Simple fleshy fruit
1. Berry – entire fruit wall is soft and fleshy at maturity. Inside is slimy.
For example, grapes, tomato, etc.
2. _______________ is a berry with tough, leathery rind (peel)
Examples: oranges, lemons, other citrus.
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11. Simple fleshy fruit: drupe
3. _______ type – outer part of fruit wall is soft and fleshy, inner part is hard and stony
For example: ______________________
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12. Simple fleshy fruit: pepo
4. ________ – also a fleshy fruit with a tougher outer rind
All member of the squash family: pumpkin, melons, cucumbers
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13. Simple fleshy fruit: pome
5. Pomes: most of the fleshy part of pomes develops from the enlarged base of the perianth (corolla and calyx) that has fused with the ovary wall
Pomes include ___________________
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14. Simple dry fruit: capsule
Simple dry fruits are dry (not fleshy) at maturity. Simple dry fruits that open at maturity include: capsules and legumes
Capsule – fruit is dry at maturity and splits open along several seams
Example: Cotton
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15. Simple dry fruit: Legumes
Legumes are dry at maturity and split open along _______ seams
Examples: pea pods, bean pods, peanut
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Simple dry fruits
Simple dry fruits that do NOT open at maturity include
Caryopsis: seed coat is fused to the ovary wall (cereal grains like ____________________)
Nuts: single-ovary wall and seed coat remain separate, ovary wall is very hard (acorns)
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B. _____________
__________ fruit develops from one flower with many separate pistils/carpels, all ripening simultaneously
Examples: strawberry, raspberries, blackberries
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C. Multiple fruit
Multiple fruit develops from ovaries of several flowers borne/fused together on the same stalk
For example: ____________
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