1. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2008 sibio@att.netsibio@att.net SI session Fruits and Fruit Development Topic 19 Spring 2010 Dr. Hughey’s Bio 3 (Lab.) Picture from http://www.tucsoncitizen.com/ss/related/88193http://www.tucsoncitizen.com/ss/related/88193

2. Fruit Related Terminology Fruit- a mature ovary. Ovary- the enlarged basal portion of a carpel. Carpel- the vessel that encloses the ovule/s; forms the gynoecium. Ovule- the structure that contains the female gametophyte with egg cell, including the nucellus and integuments. Seed- a mature ovule. Locules- chambers in the ovary that contain the ovules. From Dr.Hughey’s Bio3 Slide

3. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Seed-a mature ovule.

4. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Fruit - a mature ovary.

5. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Superior ovary Inferior ovary Review

6. (Inferior/superior) ovary Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 (Epigynous/Hypogynous/Perigynous)

7. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 (Inferior/superior) ovary (Epigynous/Hypogynous/Perigynous)

8. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Fruit structure

9. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Tomatoes is (fruit/vegetables)

10. Fruit Classification Fruit derived from more than 1 pistil – Multiple fruit- develop from a cluster of mature ovaries produced by a cluster of mature flowers. Pineapple. – Aggregate fruit- develop from several separate carpels of a single flower. Raspberry, strawberry, blackberry. From Dr. Hughey’s Bio3 class slide

11. Simple Fruit Types- fruit derived from 1 pistil Fleshy Simple Fruits – Berries- fleshy inner layer. Tomatoes, banana, grapes. Pepo- a berry with a thick, leathery, inseparable rind. Cucurbitaceae. Hesperidium- a berry with a thick, leathery, separable rind. Citrus. – Pome- fleshy hypanthium. Pear, apple. – Drupes- stony endocarp. Peach, cherry, olive. Dry Simple Fruits – Dehiscent- tissue of the mature ovary wall splits open, freeing the seeds. Legume- dehisces along 2 sutures. – Indehiscent- tissue of the mature ovary wall remains sealed with seeds remaining in the fruit. Nut- hard pericarp, usually one-seeded. Achene- small. dandelion. From Dr. Hughey’s Bio3 class slide

12. __________ From ovaries of a cluster of mature flowers. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Multiple fruit Fruit derived from (one pistil/more than 1 pistil) from one more than flowers.

13. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Aggregate fruit- -From several separate carpels of a single flower. eg.) Raspberry, strawberry, blackberry.

14. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Fleshy Simple Fruits –Berries- fleshy inner layer.

15. Fleshy Simple Fruits –Berries- fleshy inner layer. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 -Tomatoes, banana, grapes.Kiwi

16. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 ________- a berry with a thick, leathery, inseparable rind. Cucurbitaceae. Pepo

17. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 ________- a berry with a thick, leathery, inseparable rind. Cucurbitaceae. Eg.) Pumpkin, Zuchimi, Squash, cucumber, water melon Pepo

18. ________- stony endocarp. Peach, cherry, olive, mango Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Drupes

19. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 Mango has stony endocarp. So…Drupes

20. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 “Almond is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated seed of this tree. Although popularly referred to as a nut, the almond seed or fruit is botanically not a true nut, but the seed of a drupe (a botanic name for a type of fruit).” -Wikipedia Almond (Prunus dulcis) Drupes –Drupes- stony endocarp. Peach, cherry, olive.

21. ____________: Berry with a leathery rind. Hesperidium Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

22. Pome ________ - fleshy hypanthium. Pear, apple.

23. A single-seeded berry. The pericarp is differentiated into three layers of tissues: the outer layer is exocarp, which commonly is called the skin or rind. The middle layer is mesocarp which, generally,makes up the bulk of the pericarp. The inner layer is endocarp which, in some fruits is tough, leathery or hard, in other fruits is soft or fleshy. There are two main classes of fleshy fruits: drupes and berries. Drupes are characterized by having a fleshy mesocarp but a tough-leathery or bony endocarp. They are said to have "stones" or "pits" rather than seeds (example: peaches). Also, a drupe usually has only a single seed. Berries, to the contrary, are characterized by having a fleshy endocarp, as well as mesocarp, and may have more than one seed. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

24. –__________ tissue of the mature ovary wall splits open, freeing the seeds. Legume- dehisces along 2 sutures. Dehiscent fruits -Open to release their seeds. Indihiscent fruits -don't open. Dehiscent-

25. –__________- tissue of the mature ovary wall remains sealed with seeds remaining in the fruit. Nut- hard pericarp, usually one-seeded. Achene- small. dandelion. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Indehiscent

26. Legume Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

27. Nut

28. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Nut

29. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Achene