The World in 1600

- By 1818 controlled an empire with more people in it than all of western Europe. -50 times the population of the American colonies.

British East India Company Agents 1-E

Coins of the British East India Co coin 1804 coin 1719 coin 1804 coin

Coffee House in British India

Sepoy soldiers 1-F - Indian troops paid to fight along side the British sepoys to 16 Europeans. -Many Indians served in both WWI and WWII as part of the Indian army.

Sir Robert Clive 1-G - Conquered large areas of India and set up administrative posts. -Corporate troops.

Battle of Plassey: H British East India Company victory over the Nawab of Bengal over the French. -Company rule in South Asia and Indies for the next 100 years!

Why was Britain so successful in India by the end of the 18c?? 1-I

Sir Warren Hastings r

India in mid-18c

Lord Cornwallis r J

Lord Bentinck r K

British Soldiers in India, 1830s

Outlawing Suttee (sati)

British Opium Warehouse in Patna, India Selling Patna Opium in China

India: 18c-early 19c

Sir Raghubir Singh, Maharaja of Bundi -British East India Company relied on alliances with local Maharajas to help administer the enormous continent.

The Maharaja of Pannah

The Sepoy Mutiny: A -Seopys rebelled over bullet cartridges greased with pig and cow fat. -Rebellion was crushed by British Government troops.

Areas of the Sepoy Mutiny, 1857

Execution of Sepoys: “The Devil’s Wind” 2-B

1876: Queen Victoria Becomes “Empress of India” 2-D

Queen Victoria in India PAX BRITANNICA PPeriod of peace in Europe 1815–1914. British Empire controlled most of the key maritime trade routes and enjoyed unchallenged sea power.

Queen Victoria: Receiving the Crown of India

Sikhs – Bengal Cavalry of the British Army 2-E

15 th Ludhiana Sikhs, 1889

Assorted British Soldiers, 1890s

British Control Period of rapid economic growth for India. British Viceroy- Highest government representative. Mahrajas: Kept in extreme wealth Powerful administration: Indian Civil Service Local Indian Administrators. Developed infrastructure: Canals, railroads bridges, steamboats.

A Life of Leisure!

Br. Viceroy’s Daughter: Simla, 1863

Lady Curzon, 1904

Living Like a Maharajah

Durbars

Procession of the Rajahs, New Delhi, 1902

Darjeeling Railroad, 1880s

Victoria Station, Bombay

Chartered Bank of Calcutta, Under British rule, urbanization increased dramatically. -Upper castes were educated and expected to adopt English attitudes.

British Rule Westernization Modernization Anglicization Became the model for British colonies.

What were the BENEFITS of British rule in India?? 2-F

Benefits Mahrahjas had more power and money than before. New jobs: opium, tea and cofeee Infastructure: Raliroads, hospitals, schools.

2-G What were the major LIMITATIONS of British rule in India??

Drawbacks Lower castes generally suffered under heavy taxes Competition from cheap cotton goods, drove local weavers out of business. Civil Service open only to British Constant local rebellions Lack of a ‘safety net’ for the poor Racism: pg. 636

the Indian National Congress  1885  The Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay.  swaraj  “independence.” * the goal of the movement.

the Muslim League  1905  partition of Bengal based on religions and languages.  1906  creation of the Muslim League.

Mohammed Ali Jinnah

Young Mohandas K. Gandhi,

Gandhi with the london vegetarian society, 1890

Gandhi as a Young Barrister in Natal

Gandhi as a Lawyer in Johannesburg, So. Africa

Gandhi and His Wife, Kasturba, 1915

Gandhi spinning cloth Indian weaving was ruined by the competition of British machine-made textiles!

Gandhi and His Grandaughters, 1947

Last Viceroy of India Lord Louis & Lady Edwina Montbatten

Partition!