2. The Indian National Congress  1885  The Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay.  swaraj  “independence.” * the goal of the movement.

3. Rammohun Roy 1773- 1833 ”Father of Modern India” Scholar of Islam, Hindu and Western Culture Monotheist Admired teachings of Jesus Brahmo Samaj – Society of the Divine No image worship No caste Universal church open to all Equality and charity toward others Elimination of prejudices!

4. The Arya Samaj (Aryan Society) Inspired by Brahmo Samaj. He did not accept idea that Christianity offered anything for India! Looked back at Vedas Military glory good, Jainism corrupt – why say that? No caste - charity 1824 – 1883 Arya Samaj = Aryan Society, the true foundation of Indian society Men of superior principles

5. Ramakrishna and the Soul of India Late 19 th C was an exciting time in India Intellectual activity in Calcutta, Bombay, Madras Universities and news papers; they spoke English, dressed in Western style Traveled in Europe Ramakrishna (1836-1886) was different (why?) Tireless quest for spiritual knowledge Yogic discipline found all religions valid and true in their essence Don’t argue over religion Idols help believers visualize the shore less ocean of God Service to mankind Found Vivekananda to carry this message to rest of the world!

6. Vivekananda 1863- 1902 Chosen by Ramakrishna as Hindu saint Neither West nor India had fully realized itself: must learn from each other Toured the West – need spirituality as well as technology “ Spirituality must conquer the West” “They are waiting for it, they are eager for it”

7. Jawaharlal Nehru 1889 - 1964

8. the Muslim League  1905  partition of Bengal based on religions and languages.  1906  creation of the Muslim League.

9. Mohammed Ali Jinnah 1876 - 1948

10. Young Mohandas K. Gandhi, 1876 1869 - 1948

11. Gandhi with the london vegetarian society, 1890

12. Gandhi as a Young Barrister in Natal

13. Gandhi as a Lawyer in Johannesburg, So. Africa

14. Gandhi and His Wife, Kasturba, 1915

15. Amritsar Massacre, 1919 379 dead; over 1200 wounded!

16. Salt March, 1930 Making Salt

17. Gandhi spinning cloth Indian weaving was ruined by the competition of British machine-made textiles!

18. Gandhi and His Grandaughters, 1947

20. Last Viceroy of India Lord Louis & Lady Edwina Montbatten

21. Partition!