Identify structures and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; plant and animal cells

Identify this part Cell (plasma) membrane “thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells, regulates what enters and leaves the cell” “controls entry into and out of the cell” “controls what goes in and out of the cell”

Identify this part nucleus “in cells, the structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA” “chromosomes are found here” “contains all the genetic information of the cell, controls all cell functions”

Identify this part Flagella/cilia Used for motion

Organelle that makes proteins “cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis.” “where proteins are made” “small particles of RNA; they make proteins” Organelle that makes proteins ribosomes

Identify this part nucleolus “a small dense region….where the assembly of ribosomes begin” “spherical body within the nucleus”

Converts glucose into ATP for energy Mitochondria “cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use” “powerhouse” of the cell “makes energy for the cell, site of cell respiration”

Organelle that makes ribosomes nucleolus

Identify this part Endoplasmic reticulum Can be rough ER (with ribosomes) or smooth ER (without) “internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled” “stores and releases chemicals” “packages proteins, sometimes has ribosomes on it”

Identify this part ribosomes

What part of the cell controls what goes in and out of the cell Cell (plasma) membrane

Identify this part cytoplasm “fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus” “contains water and dissolved minerals” “provides structure for the cell’s organelles, contains dissolved substances and water and some chemical processes take place her”

Identify this part Mitochondria

Transports things around inside the cell Endoplasmic reticulum

“structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division” “structures involved in mitosis in animal cells only” “found only in animal cells and it aids in cell division” In animal cells only, sets of microtubules that help during cell division centrioles

Breaks down food for the cell Lysosomes “cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used the rest of the cell” “digestion center” “breaks down wastes in the cell, filled with digestive enzymes”

Modifies proteins for movement outside the cell Golgi Apparatus (bodies) “organelle in cells that modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.” “serves as storage centers for the secretory products of the cell” “Modifies proteins/materials from ER for use outside or inside cell”

Give shape to cell and help organelles move around Microtubules and microfilaments

Identify this part Lysosomes

Identify this part Golgi Apparatus (bodies)

Material in the cell that contains water and dissolved nutrients cytoplasm

Help animal and prokaryotic cells move around Cilia/flagella “short hairlike projections that produces movement” “hairlike structures with the capacity for movement” “structure sued by Protists for movement, produces movement in a wavelike motion” “long, hairlike structure used for movement” “long, whip like structures; used for motion”

What is a eukaryote? Cells that do have a nucleus and organelles with membranes Examples include plants, animals and fungi “organism who cells contain a nucleus” “…nucleus separates the material from the rest of the cell” “are cells that have a nucleus and organelles with membranes”

Identify this part centrioles

Give support and structure to plant cells (only) Cell wall “strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells” “shapes and supports a plant cell” “rigid outer layer that supports the cell; found in plant but not animal cells”

How can you tell the difference between a plant and animal cell? Plant cells have Cell walls, chloroplasts and a large central vacuole Animal cells have a cell membrane as only outer layer, centrioles and may have cilia or flagella

Storage area, very large in plants Vacuole (central vacuole in plants) “cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts proteins and carbohydrates” “contains water and dissolved minerals” “place where wastes are stored; in plants it is very large but in animals there can be many small ones”

In plants, where photosynthesis takes place chloroplasts “organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy” “site of photosynthesis” “organelle where sunlight is converted into energy by the process of photosynthesis”

Identify this part Cell wall

What is a prokaryote? Has no membrane bound nucleus (still has DNA) or organelles Bacteria are prokaryotes “unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus” “…do not enclose their DNA in nuclei” “cells that have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles”

Identify this part Vacuole (central vacuole in plants)

Is this cell prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Prokaryote Like bacteria

Is this cell prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Eukaryote Like animals, plants and fungi

Controls the functions of the cell nucleus

Identify this part chloroplasts

Cell membrane Also called plasma membrane Allows only certain things to enter and leave the cell (selectively permeable). Membrane around organelles has similar structure. Phospholipid bilayer: 2 layers of phospholipids (phosphate group (PO4) and two fats (lipids))

Cell membrane Fluid Mosaic: Bilayer also contains proteins (mark the cell as one of yours and help things move in and out of cell) Things in the cell membrane move around, they don’t stay still

Cell membrane

Cells First discovered and named by Robert Hooke in 1665 Saw them in cork samples Looked like rooms where monks stayed 1673 Anton van Leewenhoek saw first live cells

Cells 1838 Max Schleiden…all plants made of cells 1839 Theodor Schwann…all animals made of cells Rudolf Virchow…all cells come from other cells

Cell Theory All living things are made of cells Cells come from other cells Cells are the basic unit of life (i.e. life functions happen at cell level; cells can do all life functions)

Cells Have different shapes, according to their functions Limited in size by the ratio of surface area to volume As a cell gets bigger, it’s volume increases faster than surface area Bigger cells need more substances (water, oxygen, etc.) but don’t have enough surface area to let everything in/out

Cell shapes

Describe what a phospholipid bilayer is phospholipids: a molecule that has a phosphate group as a head and two lipid tails In a double layer (bilayer) for cell membrane