Chapter 16  Bell-ringer: In approximately 5 sentences, summarize what you know about WWII.

Causes  Seeds planted in WWI – Economic depression and struggle after WWI  Rise of powerful dictators – Believed in nationalism Loyalty to country and dreams of expansion

Germany  Weimar Republic – Democracy put in place after WWI – Overwhelmed by being blamed, reparations, and stripping of overseas and border colonies

Russia  Resented being carved up after WWI – See next slide

The Rise of Nationalism  Communist Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin  Communism- state owns all property

The Rise of Nationalism  Nazi Germany – Adolph Hitler  Nazism – Hitler’s type of fascism Extreme nationalism

The Rise of Nationalism  Fascist Italy – Benito Mussolini  Fascism- rule by single party and small group of politicians – Stressed nationalism – Importance of the state over the individual

The Rise of Nationalism  Fascist Spain – Francisco Franco

The Rise of Nationalism  Hideki Tojo  Japan – Emperor Hirohito

Actions  Japan – Needed more living space – Surprise attack on Manchuria  League of Nations Response: condemned Japan – Japan quits the League

Actions  Italy – Invades and takes over Ethiopia  Ethiopia pleads for help from the League  Response: Ineffective economic boycott

Actions  Spanish army behind Francisco Franco overthrow Spanish Republic – Soviets send supplies to assist – Germany and Italy send troops, weapons, tanks, and fighter planes

Chapter 16 Continued  Bell-ringer #4: Complete #1-3 about the political cartoon on p. 534

United States  Most want to remain neutral  Neutrality Acts: – Outlawed arms sales or loans to warring nations (including nations in civil war)

United States  Roosevelt gives speech showing his strong stance AGAINST isolationism – Harsh backlash  Began a shift in the debate

Germany  Lebensraum – “living space”  Appeasement- giving in to avoid aggression – Policy adopted by Neville Chamberlain

Germany  March 12, 1938 – Takes over Austria – Majority of Austrians favored unification  Consequence: none (condemned)

Germany  Next: Sudetenland – Part of Czechoslovakia  Claimed evil practices by Czechs on Germans – False propaganda – Met with Chamberlain and other officials – Result: Notta

Germany  Took the rest of Czech.  Then signed pact with Stalin and took Poland – Soviets and Germans agreed never to attack one another (nonaggression pact) – Secret pact: Divide Poland b/w Germany and the Soviet Union

WWII Begins  Blitzkrieg – Overwhelming force to surprise and defeat the enemy  Hitler takes Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg

WWII Begins  Maginot Line (French Border) – German tanks pass through the Ardennes (thought to be impassable) – Surround French and British troops  French surrender

Great Britain  Germans launch massive air raids on RAF (Royal Air Force) – Massive destruction but RAF holds off the Luftwaffe – Germans call off the invasion indefinitely  Despite not defeating the British, what might the German bombing do to the British?

What about the Holocaust?

Computer Lab Activity  Dictator Biography Presentation (35 points) – Birth and childhood (dates and significant events) – Rise to power (how?) – Significant actions (use textbook!) – Death (date and how?) – Personality? – Beliefs? – Interesting facts of events  No sentences on slides  Graded on: being prepared, creativity, accuracy, and using class time effectively  Must contain at least 5 pictures

Choices  FDR  Neville Chamberlain  Winston Churchill  Stalin  Hitler  Franco  Mussolini  Groups of 3 or 4

Bell-ringer  Do you believe that presidents should be limited to two terms?  Response should be at least 5 sentences

America Moves Toward War  FDR revises the Neutrality Acts – Cash-and-carry policy – Pay cash and transport in your own ships  Too little, too late? – France had fallen – British under siege

Axis Powers  Germany, Italy, and Japan sign mutual defense treaty – Tripartite Pact – Axis Powers – Hoped to keep U.S. out of war

Building Defenses  Selective Training and Service Act – Registered 16 million men between 21 and 35  Roosevelt elected to 3 rd term – P. 551 – Discussion

Lend-Lease Act  Fireside chats to promote more assistance  Britain low on cash – Lend-lease aid – Also to Soviet Union  German Wolf Packs – See p. 553

Escalation  German U-boats destroy several U.S. merchant ships – Congress agrees to arm merchant ships

Japan  Tojo hopes to unite East Asia under Japanese rule – Took French colonies in Vietnam and Cambodia – U.S. places oil embargo  Tojo ensures Hirohito that he will try for peace with the Americans – Then, prepares for attack

Pearl Harbor  U.S. decodes Japan’s communication – Knew about attack, but didn’t know when or where  It came on December 7, 1941

Activity  Diary entry – At least 10 sentences  Pearl Harbor – What were you doing? – How did you feel? – Be creative