Chapter 5: What Factors Influence Change in Meiji Japan? How Did Outside Influences Create a Crisis? How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? How Did the Political System Change? How Did Japan Begin to Modernize?

What Factors Influenced Change in Meiji Japan? In the mid 19th century… Japan changed to a urbanized society The Seclusion Policy’s wanted to be continued The outside world had other plans….

Thinking About Your Island You have managed to keep your island isolated from the rest of the world for hundreds of years. You have discovered that other countries have new technologies and ways of doing things that you don’t have, ie. New medical procedures, new warfare methods, technology. 1. How concerned would the people of your island be that the rest of the world has all this advanced technology? 2. You have decided to modernize your country to catch up with the rest of the world in a short period of time. How will you accomplish this? Where would you begin? What would be your vision of your new society? Individually complete a one page write up answering all of the above questions

Thinking About Your Island The Debate: Round Table Discussion Which would be the best way to modernize a country Expectations You need to raise your hand and wait for the speaker to acknowledge you Once acknowledged you may explain your point Remember: Your participation in the debate and how your communicate your idea determines your mark for this skill

Thinking About Your Island #1. Going around the group what are your ideas for rapid modernization. #2. Who’s idea is the best? Justify why!!!!

How Did Outside Influences Create a Crisis? It was inevitable that there would be outside influence in Japan Many trading ships passing by Ship wrecked sailors washing up on shore The Bakufu and Shogun were afraid of losing influence in Japan and the sovereignty They kept the isolation policies

How Did Outside Influences Create a Crisis? The Influence of Russia Assignment Reading pages 166 and 167 find all the information needed to complete the assignment

The Influence of Russia Think-Pair-Share In groups of four compare your conclusions Decide on the best information to share with the rest of the class

The Influence of Russia Timeline 1798-Japan learns that Russia is settling in the Kuril Islands 1801-Japan claimed the Kuril Islands and drove the Russians off 1804-Russia asks for trade relations. Japan makes them wait 6 months to tell them no 1805-Annoyed with the slow response a Russian ship begins nuisance attacks 1811-Japan kept with isolation policy. They captured the commander of the Russian ship, held him in prison for 2 years before releasing him to the Dutch

What Russia Did…. Why Did they take Interest in Japan?

What Russia Did…. To create a crisis?

What Russia Did…. What did they do to stop the crisis?

What Japan Did…. How did they respond to the interest?

What Japan Did…. To create a crisis?

What Japan Did…. To stop the crisis?

How Did Outside Influences Create a Crisis? Assignment: The Influence of Europe and China Complete the assignment working in pairs reading pages 168-169

Assignment: The Influence of Europe and China Think-Pair-Share In groups of four share your ideas and decide on the most important ones to discuss with the class.

What Europe Did…… Why was there increasing interest?

What Europe Did…… To Create a Crisis?

What Europe Did…… Were their actions positive/negative? Possible consequences?

What Japan Did…… How did they respond to European countries?

What Japan Did…… To Create a Crisis?

What Japan Did…… Were their actions taken positive or negative? Consequences?

What Did China Do…. Why was there increasing interest?

What Did China Do…. To Create a Crisis?

To Create a Crisis? Were their actions taken positive or negative? Consequences?

What Japan Did…… How did they respond to European countries?

What Japan Did…… To Create a Crisis?

What Japan Did…… Were their actions taken positive or negative? Consequences?

Thinking About Your Island Imagine that a foreign country arrived in one of your ports with an army of war ships claiming that they want to discuss trade arrangements. How would you view their methods? Peaceful or forceful? Would you be intimidated? How would your approach the situation?

The Influence of the United States The United States also wanted to establish trade relations Along a major trade route and wanted to set up a coal refueling station Assistance for any ship wrecked sailors But things did not go as smoothly as everyone hoped…

The Crisis With America: Fearing for Sovereignty 1845: American Representative sent to establish trade and coal station. They were told to sail to Nagasaki after landing in Edo. 1853: Commodore Perry entered Edo with 4 war ships met with 5000 samurai to meet with Japanese officials. Perry had three goals Get supplies and coal Protect American ship wrecked sailors Enter a trade agreement

The Crisis With America: Fearing for Sovereignty 1854: Perry returned with a stronger squadron. Bakufu signed the Treaty of Kanasawa. This allowed Japan to stay independent and control their country Perry only accomplished two of his goals with the treaty Two ports were open to the US Shipwrecked sailors would be helped

The Crisis With America: Fearing for Sovereignty 1856: A complex trade agreement was trying to be established between the US and Japan Shogun supported it but the Emperor did not 1858: The Harris Treaty is signed after long negotiations Americans were alowed to live in Edo and Osaka under American laws 1863: 5 ports were open to US ships, allowing goods to enter Japan US supplied Japan with ships, weapons, technicians

Japans Response to Change… The Bakufu and the samurai had heated debates over the treaties They were seen as unequal treaties favoring the US This started the pressure to sign treaties with other European countries Again these were unequal treaties and people began to lose support in the shogun Isolation was no longer possible Japan had to change to compete with the western world

The Crisis With The World: Fearing for Sovereignty Study Tool: Cause and Effect: Japan Policy vs. The World Complete cause and effect chart with a partner

How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? Thinking About Your Island Two different point of views have been created about your island coming out of isolation One says to stay in isolation and fight back One says to change and begin trade to avoid violence Can you think of points that will support each point of view for your island?

Thinking About Your Island Points for staying is isolation… -keep culture , religion, beliefs -keep power and control -less visitors -not as many diseases

Thinking About Your Island Points for opening up to trade… -new weapons technology (technicians) -different kind of food -be informed of what other people have -allies -new language -new visitors

How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? Different Points of View Japan would be forced into trade agreements eventually Not possible to remain isolated Did not want to be taken over by other countries Japan needed to use western technologies to become more powerful and independent

How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? Different Points of View Cont Japan should remain isolated Declare war on western countries Kill all foreigners in Japan Believed that the common Japanese would be exposed to a different way of living and technology Would undermine the social structure and class system

How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? –Civil Unrest Mid 1800’s unrest across all of Japan Poor crops caused people to starve Why pay taxes? Blaming the government because they could not control peoples unrest This all caused people to lose support for the Bakufu Why were they making all these changes dealing with foreigners?

How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? –Civil Unrest Many samurai were beginning to support the Emperor more than the shogun Harris treaty went against the Emperor wishes Felt stronger loyalty to Emperor They truly never really supported the shogun Choshu, Satsuma, Tosa, Saga They used the issue of foreign presence to fuel contempt for Bakufu

How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? –Civil Unrest The critics of the shogun wanted to create a new government headed by the Emperor “Revere the emperor! Expel the barbarians” They began to prepare for war using western weapons In 1867 samurai from Tosa convinced the shogun to resign Before this could happen Satsuma and Choshu military intervened and claimed Meiji as the emperor He quickly abolished the shogun

How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? –Civil Unrest Shogun responded with a military attack Battle continued until the shogun’s military was defeated in the spring of 1869 (The Last Samurai) Edo surrendered without a battle Now the Imperial Court was the highest authority in Japan Edo was renamed Tokyo “Eastern Capital”

How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? What kinds of civil unrest did the Bakufu have to deal with during the 250 years following up to the Meiji Period? How many ways can you come up with that Japan used to resolve the conflicts during this period of isolation?

How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? What kinds of civil unrest did the Bakufu have to deal with during the 250 years following up to the Meiji Period? How many ways can you come up with that Japan used to resolve the conflicts during this period of isolation?

How Did the Political System Change? Meiji leaders used the creation myth to their advantage with the Emperor “sacred and inviolable” Appeal to Japanese traditionalists to build loyalty Used a young Emperor as a symbol of unity He was loved by all!!!!!!

How Did the Political System Change? The Charter Oath 1868 Emperor Meiji signed the Charter Oath that outlined the goals of the new regime Future policies would be based on consensus from all daimyo in all domains Democracy???? The charter showed a change in all three areas of a worldview Political, social, culture The leaders hoped this would be the new model for Japan The Unity of Rights and Rule

How Did the Political System Change? Deliberative assemblies shall be widely established and all matters decided by public discussion Those who did not participate in the coup are still involved in the national policy Samurai will not be left out All classes, high and low, shall unite in vigorously carrying out the administration of the state Challenge to old social structure and plea for unity

How Did the Political System Change? The common people, no less than the civil and military officials, shall be allowed to persue their own calling so that there shall be no dissent Abolish the feudal system, create freedom Evil customs of the past shall be ended and everything shall be based on the laws of nature Rewards based on merit, not family

How Did the Political System Change? Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundations of imperial rule Shows true openness to foreign knowledge and increase power

How Did the Political System Change? Thinking About Your Island How do you think the citizens of your island would react to the sudden opening of your borders to other countries? How would creating a Charter of Oath like Japan affect the way you ruled your country? How would that unify your country after a civil war? How can you see different points of view in the Charter of Oath? Give specific examples

How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize? New Leadership The Emperor was the official head of government The coup leaders created an oligarchy and were in charge Created changes that promoted economic growth and industrialization “Enrich the country, strengthen the military”

How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize? The new leaders were young, intelligent samurai who wanted change Academic and military skills Traveled to other countries Studied under Yoshida or Satsuma Originally against foreigners but realized quality of western technology and its benefits They had two key goals Modernize Japan and make economy grow Renegotiate the “unequal treaties”

How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize? They wanted Japan to become strong to have better negotiations with other countries Wanted to be seen as equals They wanted to build a competitive nation for the modern world but still be Japanese The new leaders looked towards the Western nations for a model to rebuild Japan They saw Europe and North America as powerful and wealthy

How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize? Change in Japan’s Worldview Invited foreign educators, specialists and experts to assist in manufacturing and industry Sent half their leaders to learn about institutions, laws, and customs of successful Western nations The Iwakura Mission

How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize?

How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize? The Iwakura Mission Purpose was to find the best ideas around the world and bring them back to Japan Most urgent matter: change Japans education system They wanted to be like Germany and the US Change government to a representative one Charter Oath as a foundation for a national constitution that shapes Japans laws Be careful to ensure that the people are ready for that type of government before using it

How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize? The Iwakura Mission Seen the importance of religious freedom Encouraged private enterprise and business Needed new education system to teach this The rest of the world is based on competitive, colonial expansion Japanese leaders must be careful with this Conclusion of the trip Japan was not in immediate danger of losing its independence Had to modernize Japan!!

How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize?

How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize? Thinking About Your Island Why would you look at other countries for ideas to modernize/improve your island? How would you decide which ideas were the most important to modernize your island? How would your island become modern but keeping all the culture and traditions that you had before?

Chapter Review Position Paper Topic Review Check List Explain in detail what the role of the samurai was in the transition from the Edo period to the Meiji Period. Review Check List Do I Get It or Not?