CS480/580 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Shuiwang Ji

General information u Instructor: Shuiwang Ji  Office hours: Monday and Wednesday, 4:30PM- 5:30PM, or by appointment  Office location: E&CS 3204   Research interests: machine learning, data mining, computer vision, computational biology u Course Homepage: 2

Textbooks u Main text: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 3rd Edition, by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig u LISP programming: Practical Common Lisp by Peter Seibel Other LISP books also work 3

Grading u Graduates and undergraduates will be graded separately u Homework:  Undergraduate (30%): there will be 4-5 homework  Graduate: (25%): there will be 3-4 homework u Term paper (5%): ONLY for graduate students u Project (30%): there will be 2-3 projects u Exam (40%):  Exam 1: 10%  Exam 2: 10%  Final exam 20% 4 All homework and projects are strictly individual

LISP programming u Projects will involve LISP programming u Use Lisp-in-a-box (link from the class page) u Easy to install and use u A free book on LISP is available u Partial code will ONLY be provided in LISP u Need LISP tutorial lecture? 5

Project grading u Partial code in LISP will be provided u Students are asked to program the core algorithms u Some example inputs will be given, and the outputs and analysis are graded u Grading criteria  General structure: 10%  Project report: 30%  Correctness: 60% 6

Course overview u Intelligent agent architecture u Problem-solving by searching u Constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) u Propositional logic u First-order logic u Probabilistic inference and Bayesian networks u Planning and Markov decision processes (MDP) u Machine learning 7

Class homepage u The class is temporally run through the homepage: u Switch to blackboard later on u Not hardcopy handouts, check class homepage/blackboard regularly 8

What is AI? 9

Two central questions 10 Humanly or rationally Thinking or acting Rational: does the “right thing” given what is knows

Definitions of AI 11 Humanly or rationally Thinking or acting

Think humanly: cognitive science 12 Do we want a machine that beats humans in chess or a machine that thinks like humans while beating humans in chess? DeepBlue supposedly DOESN’T think like humans

Think rationally: law of thought 13 1.Not easy to take informal knowledge and state it in the formal terms required by logical notation 2.Reasoning on real-world problems is computationally demanding

Acting humanly: The Turing test 14 Mechanical flight became possible only when people decided to stop emulating birds… Natural language processing Knowledge representation Automated reasoning Machine learning Natural language processing Knowledge representation Automated reasoning Machine learning

Acting rationally: rational agent 15 Making correct inference is sometimes part of being a rational agent Correct inference is not all of rationality There are ways of acting rationally that cannot be said to involve inference Making correct inference is sometimes part of being a rational agent Correct inference is not all of rationality There are ways of acting rationally that cannot be said to involve inference

The rational agent approach 16 Think humanlyThink rationally Acting humanly Acting rationally Humanly or rationally Thinking or acting

Rational agent 17

AI prehistory 18

Why AI? 19

Only thing Microsoft & Google agrees 20 u “If you invent a breakthrough in artificial intelligence, so machines can learn," Mr. Gates responded, "that is worth 10 Microsofts." (Quoted in NY Times, Monday March 3, 2004) u No. 1: AI at human level in year time frame  Sergey Brin & Larry Page (independently, when asked to name the top 5 areas needing research. Google Faculty Summit, July 2007)

ENIAC: The beginning of computing age (1946) 21

Three fundamental questions in our age u Origin of the Universe u Origin of life u Nature of intelligence 22 u Along with molecular biology, AI is regularly cited as the “field I would most like to be in” by scientists in other disciplines

The age before AI 23 I propose to consider the question: “Can machines think?” --Alan Turing, 1950

1956: A new field is born 24 u We propose that a 2 month, 10 man study of artificial intelligence be carried out during the summer of 1956 at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. u - Dartmouth AI Project Proposal; J. McCarthy et al.; Aug. 31, 1955.Dartmouth AI Project Proposal

1997: Deep blue 25 I could feel human-level intelligence across the room -Gary Kasparov, World Chess Champion (human) vs.

2005: Cars drive themselves 26 u Stanley and three other cars drive themselves over a 132 mile mountain road

2005: Robots play soccer 27

2006: AI Celebrates its Golden Jubilee…

Visual object recognition 29 Sample images from the PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge AeroplanesBicyclesBirdsBoatsBusesCars Cats TrainsCowsChairsDogsHorses

Action recognition 30 Sample video frames from the TRECVID video surveillance evaluation

Autonomous robot 31 Mars Exploration Rover Learning Applied to Ground Robots (LAGR)

Medical diagnosis 32

..and thankfully You step in to take CS 480/580 Welcome!

What we will do? u Major AI topics: problem-solving by search, constraint satisfaction problems, logic reasoning, probabilistic reasoning, planning, machine learning u Practical implementation, such as 8-puzzle 34

Next class u Intelligent agent architecture u Read Chapter 2 of AIMA 35