1. Reference: "Artificial Intelligence, a Modern Approach, 3rd ed."
AI Overview
Reference: "Artificial Intelligence, a Modern Approach, 3rd ed."

2. What is AI? Top Image: http://howtosplitanatom.com/news/119/
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3. 4 Schools of thought (in AI academia)
Thinking Humanly
Thinking Rationally
Acting Humanly
Acting Rationally
Top Row: Measure the success of an AI program by how well it "reasons"
Bottom Row: Measure the success of an AI program by how convincing it is.
Left Column: Measure the success of an AI program by how human-like it is.
Right Column: Measure the success of an AI program by successful (rational) it is.

4. Acting Humanly Turing Test total Turing Test
Alan Turing ( )
Acting Humanly
Turing Test
Natural Language Processing
Knowledge Rep.
Automated Reasoning
Machine Learning
total Turing Test
computer vision
robotics
Not much research being done here…
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5. Thinking Humanly Mimic the way a human thinks
To mimic we have to understand it.
For this branch, it's not enough
to produce the correct
input/output as a human.
Cognitive Science:
Linguistics
Philosophy
Anthropology CS
Neuroscience
Psychology
etc.
An active area of research, but not the main approach in AI
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6. Thinking Rationally Logic
e.g (a syllogism):
Socrates is a man (a fact)
All met are mortal (a rule)
Therefore…Socrates is mortal (a new fact, deduced from the other two)
We could theoretically solve any problem that could be expressed in this form
With more than a few hundred facts, it's SLOWW
Not easy to express some things in this fashion.
Prolog (programming language)
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7. Acting Rationally
Behaving "correctly" in the context the system is meant to work in
The most general of all 4.
We can (but don't have to) mimic human brain processes.
We can (but don't have to) use classical logic (thinking rationally)
We can (but don't have to) make this program act human.
Or we can just mimic one part of acting humanly.
This is the approach I'll use.
We're trying to implement programs with behavior that appears to be involving thought / intelligence.

8. Which are you? Thinking Humanly Thinking Rationally Acting Humanly
Acting Rationally
Top Row: Measure the success of an AI program by how well it "reasons"
Bottom Row: Measure the success of an AI program by how convincing it is.
Left Column: Measure the success of an AI program by how human-like it is.
Right Column: Measure the success of an AI program by successful (rational) it is.

9. AI foundations AI draws from a lot of different disciplines:
Philosophy (rules of logic, esp)
Mathematics (proofs, algorithm analysis, computability, etc)
Economics (utility -- what's the best action considering their cost and outcomes?)
Neuroscience / Biology / Psychology (many algorithms are based on these)
Computer Engineering (we have to run the programs somewhere…and there are limitations)
Linguistics (relationship between language and thought) …