CALM Architecture and Network SeVeCOM Workshop Lausanne 1-2 February 2006 CALM Architecture and Network Knut.Evensen@Q-Free.com

What is CALM?

CALM - Overall Continuous Air interface for Long and Medium distance ISO TC204/WG16 – Wide Area Communications Support user transparent continuous communications CALM is the first open way to combine GPRS with vehicle-optimized WLAN technology. - NOT a complicated collection of new, unproven radio technologies Q-Free ASA

CALM Communication Scenarios RSE 5.8GHz DSRC vehicle-to-vehicle * (CALM 5 or 60 GHz) portable-to- vehicle RSE-to- RSE * Hot-Spot (WiFi) Satellite Broadcast GPS/GALILEO Terrestrial 2G/3G WiMAX CALM M5 WAVE * CALM IR *

CALM Applications Support of Internet services Support of traditional ITS apps – media independent through DSRC L7 New generation of applications: Major push in safety – Vehicle Safety Communication New commercial applications made possible by high data rate & long range. Q-Free ASA

Services defined for 5 GHz medium - 1 CVO - Tractor-Trailer Interface CVO - Rollover Warning CVO - Electronic Border Clearance CVO - Weigh Station Bypass Clearance CVO - CVO Fleet Management CVO - Onboard Safety Data Transfer CVO - Tractor-Trailer Matching CVO - Transit Vehicle Data Transfer CVO - Vehicle Safety Inspection CVO - Drivers Daily Log OTHER SERVICES - Probe Data Collection OTHER SERVICES - Access Control OTHER SERVICES – Vehicle Manufacturer Info PAYMENTS - Toll Collection PAYMENTS - ITS Service Payment PAYMENTS - Other ePayments PAYMENTS - Rental Car Processing PAYMENTS - Parking Payment PAYMENTS - Food Payment PAYMENTS - Fuel Payment SAFETY - Vehicle-to-vehicle Data Transfer SAFETY – Highway-Rail Intersection Warning Traffic Information - Audio Transfer - Streaming Traffic Information - Map Updates Traffic Information - Mobile Internet Traffic Information - Traffic Data Traffic Information - Traveller Information Traffic Information - Vehicle Registration (EVI) Traffic Information - Transit Vehicle Priority Traffic Information - Diagnostic Data Transfer Traffic Information - Video Transfer - Block Traffic Information - Audio Transfer - Block Traffic Information - Video Transfer - Streaming Traffic Information - Repair Service Record Traffic Information - Vehicle Software Updates VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Approaching Emergency Vehicle Warning VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Emergency Vehicle Signal Pre-emption VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Intersection Emergency Vehicle Approaching VSC - RSU to OBU - Emergency Scene Data Networking VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Emergency Scene Data Networking VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Cooperative Collision Warning Q-Free ASA

Services defined for 5 GHz medium - 2 VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Pre-crash Sensing VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Intersection Collision Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Enhanced Differential GPS Corrections VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Highway/Rail Collision Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Vehicle-based Road Condition Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Road Feature Notification VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Curve Speed Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Visibility Enhancer VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Electronic Brake Lights VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Hybrid Intersection Collision Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Instant (Problem) Messaging VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Blind Merge Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Post-Crash Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Merge Assistant VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Lane Change Assistant VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Left Turn Assistant VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Stop Sign Movement Assistant VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Cooperative Glare Reduction VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Blind Spot Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Platooning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Infrastructure-based Traffic Probes VSC - OBU-to-RSU - SOS Services VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Post-Crash Warning VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Just-in-Time Repair Notification VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Intelligent On-ramp Metering VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Intelligent Traffic Lights VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Blind Merge Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Map Downloads and Updates VSC - RSU to OBU - Enhanced Route Guidance and Navigation VSC - RSU to OBU - GPS Corrections VSC - RSU to OBU - Adaptive Headlight Aiming VSC - RSU to OBU - Adaptive Drivetrain Management VSC - RSU to OBU - Merge Assistant VSC - RSU to OBU - Sign Information (warning assistance) VSC - RSU to OBU - Point-of-Interest Notification VSC - RSU to OBU - Curve Speed Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Highway/Rail Collision Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Animal Crossing Zone Information VSC - RSU to OBU - Low Bridge Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Work Zone Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Stop Sign Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Keep Clear' Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Wrong-way Driver Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Left Turn Assistant VSC - RSU to OBU - Infrastructure Intersection Collision Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Pedestrian Crossing Information VSC - RSU to OBU - Pedestrian/Children Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - School Zone Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Stop Sign Movement Assistance VSC - RSU to OBU - Traffic Signal Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Low Parking Structure Warning Q-Free ASA

TC204/WG16 Co-operation IEEE 802.11p and P1609 – Wireless Access in the Vehicular Environment (WAVE) - Co-operation agreement with WG16 ETSI ERM TG37 – 2G/3G standards, spectrum and test standards,… IETF – Internet Network Mobility (NEMO) ITU-R WP 8A – Global radio standards USA projects: VSCC and VII Japan projects: CALM Proof-Of-Concept,… Europe projects: C2C-CC, CVIS, SafeSpot,… Q-Free ASA

What is CALM? Technically!

CALM classic architecture ISO TC204 ITS APPLICATIONS IPv6 layer TCP UDP Service QoS Interface Selection Handover Stream & Realtime Protocols ISO DSRC L7 HTTP/ SMTP MAC 802.11p WAVE Init Hnd- ovr Secur 2G/3G GSM GPS/Galileo L2/UDP … Q-Free ASA

CALM System Architecture (21217) (Rev. Geneva) CME CALM Manager ISO 21210 CME Registration of Ingress/Egress Interfaces Application Management ISO 24101 Non-CALM-aware ISO 15628-based APPLICATIONS Non-CALM-aware IP (Internet) APPLICATIONS CALM-Aware APPLICATIONS SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP Convergence Layer Part of ISO 15628 ISO 21210 Convergence Layer IP socket/ ISO 21210 TCP/UDP/… INTERNET STANDARDS SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP NME Network Manager ISO 21210 NETWORK INTERFACE Routing and Media Switching based on IPv6 ISO 21210 SAP SAP … GPRS EDGE 2G Cell Manager ISO 21212 ISO 21218 SAP SAP … cdma2k UMTS 3G Cell Manager ISO 21213 ISO 21218 SAP … IR-B IR-A ISO 21214 IR Manager ISO 21218 … WiFi M5 ISO 21215 W-LAN Manager SAP ISO 21218 RADAR MM-J MM-E ISO 21216 Millimeter Manager SAP ISO 21218 K-DSRC J-DSRC C-DSRC DSRC ISO15628 ISO 24103 SAP … HC-SDMA WiMAX ISO 24xxx W-MAN Manager SAP ISO 21218 … DAB GPS ISO 24xxx Broadcast Manager SAP ISO 21218 … W-USB BlueT ISO 24xxx PAN Manager SAP ISO 21218 Ether AMIC CAN ISO 24xxx Wired Manager SAP ISO 21218 IME Interface Manager ISO 24102 ISO 21218 SAP CALM Media External Media CALM Network 21218 = LSAP Applications Data SAP Management SAP SAP SAP Q-Free ASA

CVIS β + γ Vehicle Architecture OEM G/W Real-time Applications CALM Network Layer C2C Switch Layer Sensors, HMI and Control Firewall In-Vehicle App Ethernet RT Link IVN DLL IVN DLL Ethernet IVN PHY IVN PHY Ref pt In-vehicle OEM networks CAN/VAN/MOST/AMI-C.. ITS In-Vehicle Network 100baseT Ethernet Real-time Applications CVIS Integrated Mobile Router Nomadic device Gateway CME. Router IME. NME. CALM Routing Comms gateway Network Network DSRC L1 DSRC L2/L7 DSRC Convergence Network GPRS PHY GPRS Stack GPRS Convergence Network GPS PHY GPS Stack GPS Convergence Network C2C-CC Fast Net Ethernet CALM LLC CALM MAC Blue- tooth Ethernet CALM M5 PHY Blue- tooth Combined Antenna Pod Q-Free ASA

Communication Scenarios CALM defines 5 communication scenarios: 0 – V2I Non-IPv6 communications 1 – V2I/V2V Local IPv6 2 – V2I MIPv6 3 – V2I NEMO 4 – V2V Non-IPv6 Q-Free ASA

CALM M5: C2C-CC & WAVE IP Applications (Deployment) Geoaddressed applications (e.g. active safety) IP Applications (Deployment) WAVE Short Message Apps TCP / UDP WSMP IPv6 B C2C-CC Network Layer C A B LLC/MAC (IEEE 802.11p) C2C MAC P1609.4 PHY (IEEE 802.11p) Q-Free ASA

What about IEEE?

Draft IEEE Standards IEEE 1609.1: WAVE Resource Manager Defines “Basic Application Platform” Application data read/write protocol between RSU and OBU First application available for testing purposes IEEE 1609.2: 5.9 GHz Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Radio Service Security Defines 5.9 GHz DSRC Security (formerly IEEE 1556) Anonymity, Authenticity and Confidentiality IEEE 1609.3: WAVE Networking Services Provides description and management of the DSRC Protocol Stack Application interfaces Network configuration management WAVE Short Message (WSM) transmission and reception Q-Free ASA

Draft IEEE Standards (cont’d) IEEE 1609.4: WAVE Multi-Channel Operation Provides DSRC frequency band coordination and management Manages Lower Layer usage of the seven DSRC channels Integrates tightly with IEEE 802.11p IEEE 802.11p: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Defines the Lower Layers of the communications stack Radio wave forms and wireless medium access procedures Q-Free ASA

IEEE Standards Status Latest IEEE 1609 draft documents completed in December 2005 IEEE 1609 status: 1609.1 completed sponsor ballot, 500+ comments 1609 part 2-4 launched mid-January for 30 days sponsor ballot. Many comments are expected Project approval all parts expected June 2006. IEEE 802.11p is also progressing Latest pre-Hawaii draft is D0.25 Possible ballot in March 2006? (IEEE 802.11) Q-Free ASA

IEEE Security Services 5.9 GHz DSRC uses Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to sign and/or encrypt DSRC data Anonymity (prevents tracking - Privacy) MAC address randomization Security certificates may also be periodically changed Opt-in services may not require anonymity Authenticity Digital signatures protect against various malicious security threats Confidentiality Data may also be encrypted to provide data privacy Safety messages broadcast from RSUs do not always require encryption (digital signatures are always required) Q-Free ASA

CALM and Security CALM relates to security as follows: Interface specific for lower layers or low latency Application or protocol specific for higher layers (ETC, IPSEC,…) There are no specific security means built into CALM Vehicle Probe Data (ISO 24100) has provisions for protection of privacy. CALM is interested in input from SeVeCOM. Liaison? Q-Free ASA

How to get more info ISO TC204/WG15 Convenor: T. Russel Shields TRS@ygomi.com ISO TC204/SG15.0 Convenor: Knut Evensen knut.evensen@q-free.com ISO TC204/SG15.1 Convenor: Bob Williams bw_csi@compuserve.com WWW.CALM.HU Q-Free ASA

Extra Slides Q-Free ASA

Example: Full Vehicle Architecture Central Router Computer Computer Firewall Directory services CME .CM ITS Application INTERNET SERVICE SAP CALM Network Layer 3-4 Routing Sensors and Control Layer 5-7 Layer 5-7 OEM G/W NME .CM SAP SAP CALM Network Layer 3-4 CALM Network Layer 3-4 Network In-Vehicle App IVN DLL Convergence IVN DLL Convergence IME .CM Convergence IVN DLL IVN DLL IVN DLL IVN DLL IVN DLL IVN PHY IVN PHY IVN PHY IVN PHY IVN PHY IVN PHY IVN PHY In-vehicle OEM network ITS In-Vehicle Network CALM MR 1 CALM MR 2 CME .MR1 CME .MR2 Routing CALM Network Network Layer 3-4 Network Layer 3-4 CALM Network SAP NME .MR2 Convergenc N-Layer NME. MR1 SAP Routing CALM LLC IVN DLL Convergence CELL Netw IVN DLL SAP IME.MR1 MLME PLCP/ PLME CALM MAC IME .MR2 CELL DLL SAP CALM M5 PHY IVN PHY Cellular PHY IVN PHY Q-Free ASA

Example – Early Vehicle Architecture CME .CM RESOURCE MANAGER, ISO14906 ITS INTERNET APPLICATION Traffic Management Application Application Interface ISO15628 Socket TCP/UDP Socket UDP NME .CM VEHICLE COMPUTER CALM NETWORK LAYER – IPv6 CALM Routing IN-VEHICLE NETWORK DATA LINK LAYER IME .CM IN-VEHICLE NETWORK PHYSICAL LAYER CALM Mobile Router (“CALM Modem”) CME .MR IME NME CALM Routing ITS In-Vehicle Connection Network IVN DLL IVN PHY CALM M5 PHY CALM MAC CALM LLC Network GPRS PHY GPRS Stack GPRS Convergence Network DSRC L1 DSRC L2/L7 DSRC Convergence Network GPS PHY GPS Stack GPS Convergence Network Combined Antenna Pod Q-Free ASA

Application Requirmt List CALM Manager Interface Protocol Application Policies User Interface Routes Interface Status List Application Requirmt List Q-Free ASA

5 GHz Spectrum (not exact!) Europe HiperLAN BRAN Japan ”j-band” North Ameri U-NII U-NII - New Old ISM band ISM CALM M5 WAVE? Configurable or regionally fixed part Dedicated ITS (DSRC) Requested : Global ITS Safety allocation 5.85-5.925 Q-Free ASA

What is CALM M5?

US DSRC (WAVE) WAVE is IEEE 802.11p Wireless Access for Vehicles - as required by US DoT/VSCC/VII/… WAVE is optimised for US channel plan WAVE protocols are optimised for current single-radio technology. No GSM or other technology is included. Q-Free ASA

CALM M5 CALM M5 incorporate WAVE and adds: Global (European) 5 GHz spectrum Regulatory domain (border) management Directivity and EMC control CEN DSRC co-operation Multiple radio/interface/antenna management GPRS/UMTS network interconnectivity Q-Free ASA