1. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. VANET-cloud : a generic cloud computing model for vehicular ad hoc networks IEEE Wireless Communications February 2015 Salim Bitam, Abdelhamid Mellouk, Sherali Zeadally 2015. 5.23 Jong Chan Kim (kimjongchan@kw.ac.kr) Kwang woon Univ. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. 1/13

2. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. Contents  Introduction  VANET-cloud architecture  VANET-cloud sub-models of the cloud layer  ITS applications supported by VANET-cloud  VANET-cloud challenges  Conclusion 2/13

3. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. Introduction  Cloud computing is a new computing model  Three categories of digital services -Software as a service (SaaS) Applications of emergency management, Roadway maintenance, Electronic payment -Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) Processing, Storage, Bandwidth -Platform as a service (Paas) Programing languages, Operating systems  Vehicular ad hoc network(VANET) is defined as a set of communication nodes consisting of vehicles considered as mobile entities -Vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V) -Vehicle-to-infrastructure communication (V2I)  In vehicular networks, crucial issue to improve road safety and passenger comfort -reduced delay, efficiency, scalability, reliability, and security 3/13

4. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. Introduction  We propose a model called VANET-Cloud -Integration of onboard computing resource and the traditional cloud computing -Benefits of the computing capabilities of vehicles that include processing, storage, sensing  Proposed VANET-Cloud -Available cloud computing to vehicular systems -The lowest cost without the need to buy additional resources.  Two sub-models VANET-Cloud architecture. -Conventional cloud sub-model Software as a service (SaaS) Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) Platform as a service (PaaS) -New temporary cloud sub-model consisting of vehicles 4/13

5. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. Comparison between cloud computing for VANET 5/13

6. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. VANET-cloud architecture  VANET-Cloud groups infrastructure components into three layers  Cilent layer -The client layer is the lowest level of VANET-Cloud and consists of end users, A general customer A VANET node that requires a VANET-Cloud service. -The end user can be characterized by a certain level of mobility in the vehicular environment. -The end user establish own local network, through a service access point(SAP) Computing devices  Such as smartphone, laptop, onboard computer and GPS Communication Service request Service response 6/13

7. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. VANET-cloud architecture  Communication layer -This layer for connection between client and VANET-cloud server via SAP. -This layer consists of several communication devices and networks. Such as Internet gateways, wireless networks such as VANETs, wireless sensor networks, 3G/4G networks, cellular base stations, RSUs, satellite, GPS, private networks. -All connection technologies are defined and fixed according to the communication device used. The physical layer, data link layer, medium access control, routing protocols, etc. -The technology choice also depends on the type of client in the lower layer and the data center in the upper layer.  Cloud layer -VANET-Cloud data centers, which provide VANET-Cloud services. Traditional stationary cloud data centers Computing devices of VANET entities -VANET-Cloud services. SaaS (e.g., application, email, entertainment) IaaS (processing, storage, networks, virtualization, etc.), PaaS (e.g., database, data warehouse, operating system, web services). 7/13

8. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. VANET-cloud architecture 8/13

9. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. VANET-cloud sub-models of the cloud layer  Permanent VANET-cloud sub-model -This sub-model consists of stationary and virtualized data center Traditional cloud computing infrastructure. Several computing functionalities Service to end users who are directly connected to the data center Various software and applications  Temporary VANET-cloud sub model -This sub model consists of a set of mobile and vehicular computing resources Such as onboard computer and computing devices of passengers  Interconnection between permanent and temporary VANET-clouds 9/13

10. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. VANET-cloud sub-models of the cloud layer 10/13

11. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. ITS applications supported by VANET-cloud  Safety applications in a very large area -Due to cloud, safety applications and information to other vehicle drivers Collision notification and avoidance, crash prevention and safety, and so on  Vehicular software and applications -Help to discover geographic positions and real-time information Car parking places and availability, full station, service station, hotels, and so on.  Web services and applications -Faster and cheaper Web services Business’s web server for clients  Processing and cloud backup -Reduction of computational complexity in terms of computational time  Business and research applications -Easier e-commerce, efficient computing platform 11/13

12. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. VANET-cloud challenges  Security and privacy issues in the vehicular cloud -Ensuring data integrity, controlling data access, preventing data loss, protecting the confidential data of users, and so on.  Sensing and aggregation data -Traffic data, drivers’ health information, information about the environment (disasters, fire, etc.), movements of vehicles and citizens on roads, and so on.  Green VANET-Cloud -Reduction of energy cost in data centers using alternative servers such as onboard computers located in vehicles.  Communication and coordination between VANET-Cloud sub-models -New communication protocol  Interoperability and standardization  Quality of the Provided Services -Service level agreements (SLAs) evaluation is important, because an important part of the cloud is non-permanent Vehicles move and change the vehicular network topology.  VANET-Cloud resource allocation and sharing 12/13

13. Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. Conclusion  A new cloud computing model for VANET called VANET-cloud based on permanent and temporary clouds.  The proposal provides digital to VANET users at a reduced cost.  VANET-Cloud can support various services.  VANET-cloud can also provide several computational services (processing, storage, web services, bandwidth, and others) to end users.  Security and privacy, interoperability, and standardization will become major challenges of VANET-Cloud. 13/13