Information on the national higher education system The basic structure of the Turkish National Education system consists of mainly four steps as pre-school education, primary education, secondary education and higher education. The basic structure of the Turkish National Education system consists of mainly four steps as pre-school education, primary education, secondary education and higher education.

Higher education is defined as all post- secondary programs with a duration of at least two years. The system consists of universities (state and foundation) and non-university institutions of higher education (police and military academies and colleges).. Higher education is defined as all post- secondary programs with a duration of at least two years. The system consists of universities (state and foundation) and non-university institutions of higher education (police and military academies and colleges)..

Each university consists of faculties and four-year schools, offering bachelor's level programs, the latter with a vocational emphasis, and two year vocational schools offering pre-bachelor's (associate's) level programs of a strictly vocational nature. Each university consists of faculties and four-year schools, offering bachelor's level programs, the latter with a vocational emphasis, and two year vocational schools offering pre-bachelor's (associate's) level programs of a strictly vocational nature.

Graduate-level programs consists of master's and doctoral programs, coordinated by graduate schools. Graduate-level programs consists of master's and doctoral programs, coordinated by graduate schools. Access to doctoral programs requires a master degree. Doctoral programs have a duration of minimum four years which consists of completion of courses, passing doctoral qualifying examination, and preparing and defending a doctoral thesis. Access to doctoral programs requires a master degree. Doctoral programs have a duration of minimum four years which consists of completion of courses, passing doctoral qualifying examination, and preparing and defending a doctoral thesis.

Undergraduate education in aquaculture and fisheries In Turkey, aquaculture education run within different structures based on universities: In Turkey, aquaculture education run within different structures based on universities: 1.Faculties of Fisheries and Aquaculture 1.Faculties of Fisheries and Aquaculture 2.Departments of Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Faculties of Agriculture 2.Departments of Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Faculties of Agriculture 3.Faculties of Marine Sciences 3.Faculties of Marine Sciences

At Ankara University and other three public universities undergraduate courses are provided within the general higher education of agricultural engineers (4 years in length at universities); at the end of education students get a diploma with a certification in it about their specialization. At Ankara University and other three public universities undergraduate courses are provided within the general higher education of agricultural engineers (4 years in length at universities); at the end of education students get a diploma with a certification in it about their specialization.

The Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture in Agricultural Faculty of Ankara University offers a degree in Agricultural Engineering with aquaculture specialisation, and follows a partly different organisational structure from the other Faculties of Fisheries & Aquaculture. The Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture in Agricultural Faculty of Ankara University offers a degree in Agricultural Engineering with aquaculture specialisation, and follows a partly different organisational structure from the other Faculties of Fisheries & Aquaculture. In Faculties of Fisheries and Aquaculture at various universities ‘aquacultural engineer’ title is given. In Faculties of Fisheries and Aquaculture at various universities ‘aquacultural engineer’ title is given.

Fisheries and Aquaculture courses both in Departmental structure and faculty organisation have a general framework, with some specialised elements: Fisheries Biology, Ichthyology, Fish Diseases, Water Quality as well as Water Pollution, Aquaculture of Freshwater fishes, Marine fishes and Shellfish, Fishing Technology, Fisheries Management, Limnologia as well as oceanographia. Fisheries and Aquaculture courses both in Departmental structure and faculty organisation have a general framework, with some specialised elements: Fisheries Biology, Ichthyology, Fish Diseases, Water Quality as well as Water Pollution, Aquaculture of Freshwater fishes, Marine fishes and Shellfish, Fishing Technology, Fisheries Management, Limnologia as well as oceanographia.

Undergraduate courses FISH ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SHELLFISH AND CULTURE TECHNIQUES PLANKTON AND CULTURE TECHNIQUES NET MATERIAL AND NETTING TECHNIQUES AQUARIUM FISH AND BREEDING TECHNIQUES FISH BIOLOGY

WATER QUALITY CRITERIA IN AQUACULTURE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA IN AQUACULTURE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LIMNOLOGY LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY OCEANOGRAPHY WATER POLLUTION AND CONTROL WATER POLLUTION AND CONTROL FISH DISEASES FISH DISEASES MARINE FISH AND CULTURE TECHNIQUES MARINE FISH AND CULTURE TECHNIQUES

FRESHWATER FISH AND CULTURE TECHNIQUES FRESHWATER FISH AND CULTURE TECHNIQUES FISHING TECHNIQUES FISHING TECHNIQUES FISH BREEDING FISH BREEDING AQUATIC PLANTS AND CULTURE TECHNIQUES AQUATIC PLANTS AND CULTURE TECHNIQUES POPULATION DYNAMICS POPULATION DYNAMICS WATER TOXICOLOGY WATER TOXICOLOGY FISHERIES LAW AND REGULATIONS FISHERIES LAW AND REGULATIONS AQUACULTURE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AQUACULTURE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AQUACULTURE PROJECTS AQUACULTURE PROJECTS GRADUATION THESIS GRADUATION THESIS PRACTICAL WORK (a total of 45 days, in fish farms, labs. etc) PRACTICAL WORK (a total of 45 days, in fish farms, labs. etc)

The course of Fish Diseases Course and laboratory work is given in 4 th year and the last semester (8th) Course and laboratory work is given in 4 th year and the last semester (8th) Two hours theorotical+two hours lab./a week (a total of fourteen weeks) Two hours theorotical+two hours lab./a week (a total of fourteen weeks) 4 ECTS 4 ECTS Compulsory laboratory work has to be achieved before taking written final exam Compulsory laboratory work has to be achieved before taking written final exam

Contents of Fish Diseases Courses Basic aspects of fish physiology Basic aspects of fish physiology Basic aspects of fish immunology Basic aspects of fish immunology Disease Sypmtoms Disease Sypmtoms Behavioural sypmtoms of disease Behavioural sypmtoms of disease - General external visual signs - General external visual signs - Internal signs of disease - Internal signs of disease

2. Infectious Diseases (Virus,Bacteria and Fungi) 2. Infectious Diseases (Virus,Bacteria and Fungi) - Viral pathogens and diseases - Viral pathogens and diseases - Bacterial pathogens and diseases - Bacterial pathogens and diseases

Gram positive bacteria caused diseases Gram positive bacteria caused diseases Streptococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. Renibacterium salmoninarum Renibacterium salmoninarum - Fungal pathogens and diseases - Fungal pathogens and diseases Aphanomyces invadans Aphanomyces invadans Saprolegnia parasitica, S. dicline, S. invaderis Saprolegnia parasitica, S. dicline, S. invaderis Ichthyosporidium hoferi Ichthyosporidium hoferi Branchiomyces sanguinis, B. demigrans Branchiomyces sanguinis, B. demigrans

3. Parasitic Diseases 3. Parasitic Diseases - Protozoonal diseases - Protozoonal diseases Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Ichthyobodo necatrix,Hexamita spp., Chilodonella cyprini, Trichodina spp., Epistylis spp., other species. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Ichthyobodo necatrix,Hexamita spp., Chilodonella cyprini, Trichodina spp., Epistylis spp., other species. - Monogenean and Digenean flukes - Monogenean and Digenean flukes Gyrodactylus spp., Dactylogyrus spp. – Sanguinicola inermis, Diplostomum spp. Posthodiplostomum spp. Gyrodactylus spp., Dactylogyrus spp. – Sanguinicola inermis, Diplostomum spp. Posthodiplostomum spp. - Tapeworms (Cestoda) - Tapeworms (Cestoda) Bothriocephalus acheliognathi, Ligula intestinalis, Diphyllobothrium latum, Proteocephalus spp. Bothriocephalus acheliognathi, Ligula intestinalis, Diphyllobothrium latum, Proteocephalus spp. - Nematodes - Nematodes Cammallanus spp., Raphidascaris acus, Anisakis spp., Eustrongyloides spp., Philometra abdominalis. Cammallanus spp., Raphidascaris acus, Anisakis spp., Eustrongyloides spp., Philometra abdominalis. - Acanthocephalans - Acanthocephalans

Parasitic Crustaceans Parasitic Crustaceans Argulus spp., Lernaea spp., Ergasilus spp., Argulus spp., Lernaea spp., Ergasilus spp., Non-infectious diseases Non-infectious diseases. Environmental Diseases. Environmental Diseases - Water quality (Temperature, Dissolved gases, pH, Nitrogenous wastes and other pollutanst - Water quality (Temperature, Dissolved gases, pH, Nitrogenous wastes and other pollutanst Nutritionally Induced Diseases Nutritionally Induced Diseases

- Nutrition related diseases - Nutrition related diseases Diseases of Eggs and Fry Diseases of Eggs and Fry Management of Fish Health Management of Fish Health Treatment and Prophyllacis Treatment and Prophyllacis