UMR 5205 A short history… and some insight into the future of IT Lionel Brunie National Institute of Applied Science (INSA) LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team – UMR CNRS 5205 Lyon, France

2 Agenda Back to (pre-)history What has happened to IT ? Visions for a new (IT) world ?

3 A short history of computers and IT… 60 years ago…

4 A short history of computers and IT… 20 years ago…

5 A short history of computers and IT… Today…

6 A short history of computers and IT… Today…

7 A short history of computers and IT… Tomorrow ?

8 A short history of computers and IT… The Jaguar cores – Memory: 300 TB – Disk: 10 PB AMD x86_64 Opteron Six Core 2600 MHz (10.4 GFlops) Rmax = 1759 – Rpeak = 2331 Power: 6,950 MW

9 A short history of computers and IT… The LCG System Architecture Tier-1 Tier-0 10 Gbps links Optical Private Network (to almost all sites) Trigger and Data Acquisition System Tier-2 General Purpose/Academic/ Research Network From F. Malek – LCG FRance

10 And in 2010, a (still) new paradigm: the Cloud “A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet” Amazon, Google, Microsoft… even L’Oréal ! Everything as a service  Infrastructure as a service  Platform as a service  Software as a service Behind the scene: a grid Do not worry, be happy: the cloud takes care of your all your digital activities Issue: digital activity, digital life, life ? For the first time in the history of mankind, some[body, thing] can know everything about your life: your professional data, your friends, the movies/the leisure you like, your friends, your political opinions, your mood…

11 What has happened to IT ?

12 Technological Evolutions « Universal » identification  RFID - Electronic Product Code (EPC) – EPCGlobalNetwork – Object Naming Service (ONS)  IETF Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Large bandwidth communications  Optical fiber  3G, 3G+, 4G, WiMax  WiFi Direct Geopositioning  GPS/Galileo  GSM

13 Technological Evolutions (Cont’d) Super computing  Parallel super-computers (1- Jaguar ( cores, 2,3(1,7) Pflops)):  Super-clusters (Google 1,8 millions of servers ? Soon 10 millions ?) Super storage  Key: ~GB  Disk: ~TB  Data Center: ~PB Micro-Nano technologies Sensors – Sensor networks Convergence digital camera – telephone – laptop → smartphone

14 Software Evolutions Cloud computing Social networks Services - SOA E-Services Mobility (M-services) Object  Service / Service  Object All digital, any where, any time Era

15 « Vision »: « Calm Technology » « The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it » [The objective of pervasive computing is to ] “ … make a computer so imbedded, so fitting, so natural, that we use it without even thinking about it.” “Ubiquitous (pervasive) computing is roughly the opposite of virtual reality. Where virtual reality puts people inside a computer-generated world, ubiquitous computing forces the computer to live out here in the world with people.” « A new way of thinking about computers in the world, one that takes into account the natural human environment and allows the computers themselves to vanish in the background » Mark Weiser, Xerox PARC, 1991-

16 Vision (Cont’d) [M. Satyanarayanan, 2001]  Pervasive computing environment = « one saturated with computing and communication capability, yet so gracefully integrated with users that it becomes ‘a technology that disappears’ »  So:  “Smart” spaces  “Invisibility” and transparency  Scalability

17 Visions (Cont’d)) « I just want to use these f… so-called smart objects/appliances/… » « I want to get rid of the software/hardware/network organization/structure: I just want to access my personal data and the data I need what ever the place /when ever the time « Put down the barriers »: no network interconnection pb, no computer administration frontiers What about security/privacy ???

18 The « object-subject » is actor (a first-class citizen) of the system  smart objects / smart everything  active objects « Intelligence » is, at first, the « network » i.e., the ability to exchange information « Intelligence », is also the ability to self-adapt to the user profile and the context (« context awareness »), to weave into the environment « Ego » is part of the context « Intelligence », finally, is the ability to organize:  autonomously (autonomic computing, self healing…)  spontaneously Ecosystem Visions (Summary)

19 Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. (for today) Sensor networks (smart dust) Home networks Patient monitoring (personal area networks) Emergency management / battlefield / borders monitoring Museums and pervasive buildings Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET) / MANET Alert management (parking, kids, etc.) Supply chain …

20 Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. for tomorrow… maybe Society and RFID Personal data spaces Web of things Machine To Machine (M2M) / Object To Object (O2O)  The never lasting intelligent fridge ?  Maintenance – Supply chain  « Intelligent » sensors networks

21 U-Society  People to People (P2P): Facebook on your telefonino  People to Object (P2O): PachubePachube  Geopositioned Services: App Store Spimes (Bruce Sterling) ? « Hypermatter » (Bernard Stiegler) ? Do-IOT-Yourself: Arduino / Fab Lab ?Arduino Fab Lab Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. for tomorrow… maybe (Cont’d)

22 Back to the « vision »: the Cloud An old dream: Computing as a utility (John Mac Carthy: “Computation may someday be organized as a public utility” (1961)) A supposed to be user centered vision  managing a computer is exhausting  the user does not care about the system components: the user just want his problem to be solved  eliminate the burden of the software/hardware management  allow the user benefit from economies of scale A business vision  a small set of computing power providers  a global market  an integrated « hyper-market »: computing, entertainment, learning ?  for the best of the big companies

23 What IT world do you want to build ?