1. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/20071 Peter Kropf Université de Neuchâtel Institut d’informatique E-mail: peter.kropf@unine.chpeter.kropf@unine.ch Ubiquitous Computing Béat Hirsbrunner Université de Fribourg Département d’informatique E-mail: beat.hirsbrunner@unifr.chbeat.hirsbrunner@unifr.ch Semestre d’hiver 2006-2007

2. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/20072 Introduction

3. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/20073 Ubiquitous Computing... www.activeworlds.com

4. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/20074... means: ▶ The disappearing computer: from fixed to mobile to wearable ▶ It is about the Computer in the World and NOT the World in the Computer : bridging the gap between virtual and real world ▶ Context- and location-aware, diverse and numerous, human-centric ▶ Smart devices with spontaneous network capabilities that have access to any information or provide access to any service “on the net” ▶ Vision: everyday objects become smart and interconnected; they communicate and cooperate ▶ Much technology driven: Moore’s law Intel

5. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/20075 Ubiquitous computing ◆ Mark Weiser (1988) : Ubiquitous means “to be found everywhere” ◆ The Any notion : anywhere, anytime, any device, any person, any application ◆ The disappearing computer : Computer weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are undistinguishable from it (Weiser)

6. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/20076 The Disappearing Computer 70+ computers

7. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/20077 The Disappearing Computer Disappearing by size Electronic label

8. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/20078 Mark Weiser : Ubiquitous Computing ◆ Mark Weiser’s (1991) vision : a vast amount of interconnected computers lying around and embedded everywhere ◆ “The Computer for the 21st Century”, published in Scientific American ◆ ”The most profound technologies are those that disappear.” ◆ “There is more information available at our fingertips during a walk in the woods than in any computer system, yet people find a walk among trees relaxing and computers frustrating. Machines that fit the human environment, instead of forcing humans to enter theirs, will make using a computer as refreshing as taking a walk in the woods”

9. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/20079 Mark Weiser : Ubiquitous Computing ◆ What’s his main message? ► Conceived of a new way of thinking about computers ► “Not just computers that can be carried to the beach, jungle or airport” ► Technologies disappear into the natural human environment ► Computers are seamlessly integrated into the world at large (For NBC video see http://www.std.org/text/Weiser.html)

10. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/200710 The smart microwave oven

11. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/200711 Agriculture wireless monitoring

12. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/200712 Robot Cleaner

13. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/200713 Flexible PC, screen and map

14. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/200714 Smart glasses

15. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/200715 Trend

16. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/200716 A Business/Market Perspective © IBM The market is evolving from wired computing to pervasive computing, mobile and wireless

17. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/200717 Example : supermarket

18. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/200718 Example : transportation

19. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/200719 Enabling Technology : RFID devices What is a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag? Chip (IC) Antenna

20. Peter Kropf Ubiquitous Computing - Hiver 2006/200720 Ubiquitous/Pervasive Computing Processors, sensors, and wireless communication will be ubiquitous Integrated into everyday objects to render them „smart“