2.2. The Liberal Challenge Learning Objectives: Understand how Liberals describe global politics Identify the Liberal view of power Compare and Contrast Liberalism with Realism Explain the “Liberal Peace” formula

2.2. The Liberal Challenge The New Dominant Paradigm?

2.2 Liberalism Intellectual Roots Immanuel Kant John Locke John Stuart Mill David Hume Jean-Jacques Rousseau Richard Cobden

2.2. The Liberal Challenge The Principles of Liberalism Principle over the pursuit of power Progress over continuity Peace means prosperity and prosperity means peace Study Tip: Remember these principles! Again, they do not represent the entire content of Liberalism, but they are essential starting points. Be able to contrast these (and other elements of Liberalism) with Realism.

2.2. The Liberal Challenge The Liberal Challenge to Realism States are not the only actors in global politics States are not unitary actors The state is in decline International Regimes are of growing importance The world is Interdependent Cooperation is rational

2.2. The Liberal Challenge Liberals, Power, and Policy Soft Power

The Liberal Peace Economic Interdependence Democracy International Law Multilateral Institutions Arms Control and Disarmament

2.2. The Liberal Challenge Liberal Wars? Collective Security

2.2. The Liberal Challenge Liberal Wars? Collective Security Humanitarian Intervention (“Responsibility to Protect”)

2.2. The Liberal Challenge Liberals and global politics today

Summary After the class on Liberalism, you should have a good understanding of how Liberals describe global politics and the actors in global politics. You should be able to identify the Liberal view of power and explain how this power is relevant in global politics. You should be able to compare and contrast Liberalism with Realism, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches. You should be able to explain the “Liberal Peace” formula and why Liberals argue that this agenda will promote a reduction in conflict in global politics. Next, we will examine Marxism and how it continues to exert an important influence on how we see global politics today.